Multiparametrische quantitative Magnetresonanztomografie bei Lebererkrankungen

Die MRT wird routinemäßig bei Patienten mit einer Erkrankung der Leber zum Ausschluss oder zur Verlaufskontrolle einer strukturellen Parenchymveränderung eingesetzt. Durch spezielle MRT-Sequenzen und -Techniken lassen sich Eigenschaften der Leber bezüglich Funktion, Fibrosestadium, Fett- und Eisengehalt quantifizieren. Die MRT hilft sowohl bei der ersten Diagnostik eines Krankheitsbildes als auch bei der überprüfung des Therapieansprechens.

Publication History

Article published online:
14 June 2021

• Literatur

• 1 Barnes B, Kraywinkel K, Nowossadeck E. et al. Bericht zum Krebsgeschehen in Deutschland. Berlin: Robert Koch-Institut; 2016.
• 2 Geisel D, Lüdemann L, Hamm B. et al. Imaging-based liver function tests-past, present and future. RöFo 2015; 187: 863-871
• 3 Ünal E, Akata D, Karcaaltincaba M. Liver function assessment by magnetic resonance imaging. Sem Ultrasound CT MR 2016; 37: 549-560
• 4 Unal E, Idilman IS, Karçaaltıncaba M. Multiparametric or practical quantitative liver MRI: towards millisecond, fat fraction, kilopascal and function era. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11: 167-182
• 5 Tajima T, Takao H, Akai H. et al. Relationship between liver function and liver signal intensity in hepatobiliary phase of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2010; 34: 362-366
• 6 Haimerl M, Verloh N, Zeman F. et al. Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI for evaluation of liver function: Comparison between signal-intensity-based indices and T1 relaxometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 1-12
• 7 Motosugi U, Ichikawa T, Oguri M. et al. Staging liver fibrosis by using liver-enhancement ratio of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging: comparison with aspartate aminotransferase-toplatelet ratio index. Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 29: 1047-1052
• 8 Nilsson H, Nordell A, Vargas R. et al. Assessment of hepatic extraction fraction and input relative blood flow using dynamic hepatocyte-specific contrast-enhanced MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 29: 1323-1331
• 9 Forsgren MF, Leinhard OD, Dahlström N. et al. Physiologically realistic and validated mathematical liver model revels hepatobiliary transfer rates for Gd-EOB-DTPA using human DCE-MRI data. PloS One 2014; 9: e95700
• 10 Okada M, Murakami T, Yada N. et al. Comparison between T1 relaxation time of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and liver stiffness measurement of ultrasound elastography in the evaluation of cirrhotic liver. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 41: 329-338
• 11 Haimerl M, Verloh N, Zeman F. et al. Assessment of clinical signs of liver cirrhosis using T1 mapping on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced 3T MRI. PloS One 2013; 8: e85658
• 12 Hoad CL, Palaniyappan N, Kaye P. et al. A study of T1 relaxation time as a measure of liver fibrosis and the influence of confounding histological factors. NMR Biomed 2015; 28: 706-714
• 13 De Bazelaire CM, Duhamel GD, Rofsky NM. et al. MR imaging relaxation times of abdominal and pelvic tissues measured in vivo at 3.0 T: preliminary results. Radiology 2004; 230: 652-659
• 14 Katsube T, Okada M, Kumano S. et al. Estimation of liver function using T1 mapping on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol 2011; 46: 277-283
• 15 Nassif A, Jia J, Keiser M. et al. Visualization of hepatic uptake transporter function in healthy subjects by using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 2012; 264: 741-750
• 16 Mensink G, Schienkiewitz A, Haftenberger M. et al. Overweight and obesity in Germany: results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2013; 56: 786-794
• 17 Adams L, Angulo P. Treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Postgrad Med J 2006; 82: 315-322
• 18 Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D. et al. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology 2016; 64: 73-84
• 19 Kühn J-P, Meffert P, Heske C. et al. Prevalence of fatty liver disease and hepatic iron overload in a northeastern German population by using quantitative MR imaging. Radiology 2017; 284: 706-716
• 20 Farrell GC, Larter CZ. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from steatosis to cirrhosis. Hepatology 2006; 43: S99-S112
• 21 Ratziu V, Charlotte F, Heurtier A. et al. Sampling variability of liver biopsy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2005; 128: 1898-1906
• 22 Kuntz E, Kuntz H-D. Hepatology, Principles and Practice: History, Morphology, Biochemistry, Diagnostics, Clinic, Therapy. Heidelberg, Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media; 2006
• 23 Hamer OW, Aguirre DA, Casola G. et al. Fatty liver: imaging patterns and pitfalls. Radiographics 2006; 26: 1637-1653
• 24 Noureddin M, Lam J, Peterson MR. et al. Utility of magnetic resonance imaging versus histology for quantifying changes in liver fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease trials. Hepatology. 2013; 58: 1930-1940
• 25 Dixon W. Separate magnetic resonance images of water and fat using phase modulation. Radiology 1984; 153: 189
• 26 Hines CD, Yu H, Shimakawa A. et al. T1 independent, T2* corrected MRI with accurate spectral modeling for quantification of fat: validation in a fat-water-SPIO phantom. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 30: 1215-1222
• 27 Curtis WA, Fraum TJ, An H. et al. Quantitative MRI of diffuse liver disease: current applications and future directions. Radiology 2019; 290: 23-30
• 28 Permutt Z, Le TA, Peterson MR. et al. Correlation between liver histology and novel magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-MRI accurately quantifies hepatic steatosis in NAFLD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36: 22-29
• 29 Bannas P, Kramer H, Hernando D. et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of hepatic steatosis: Validation in ex vivo human livers. Hepatology 2015; 62: 1444-1455
• 30 Wunderlich AP, Cario H, Juchems MS. et al. Noninvasive MRIbased liver iron quantification: methodic approaches, practical applicability and significance. RöFo 2016; 188: 1031-1036
• 31 Ghugre NR, Coates TD, Nelson MD. et al. Mechanisms of tissue-iron relaxivity: nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human liver biopsy specimens. Magn Reson Med 2005; 54: 1185-1193
• 32 Li T, Aisen A, Hindmarsh T. Assessment of hepatic iron content using magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Radiol 2004; 45: 119-129
• 33 Henninger B, Alustiza J, Garbowski M. et al. Practical guide to quantification of hepatic iron with MRI. Eur Radiol 2020; 30: 383-393
• 34 St Pierre TG, Clark PR. Chua-anusorn Wet al. Noninvasive measurement and imaging of liver iron concentrations using proton magnetic resonance. Blood 2005; 105: 855-861
• 35 Gandon Y, Olivie D, Guyader D. et al. Non-invasive assessment of hepatic iron stores by MRI. Lancet 2004; 363: 357-362
• 36 Messroghli DR, Rudolph A, Abdel-Aty H. et al. An open-source software tool for the generation of relaxation time maps in magnetic resonance imaging. BMC Med Imaging 2010; 10: 16
• 37 Gandon Y. MRQuantif. Im Internet: (Stand: 27.10.2020) https://imagemed.univ-rennes1.fr/en/mrquantif/about
• 38 Lörke J, Erhardt A, Vogt C. et al. Nicht invasive Diagnostik der Leberzirrhose. Dtsch Arztebl 2007; 104: 1752-1757
• 39 Petitclerc L, Sebastiani G, Gilbert G. et al. Liver fibrosis: Review of current imaging and MRI quantification techniques. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 45: 1276-1295
• 40 Guo J, Posnansky O, Hirsch S. et al. Fractal network dimension and viscoelastic powerlaw behavior: II. An experimental study of structure-mimicking phantoms by magnetic resonance elastography. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57: 4041
• 41 Azizi G, Keller J, Lewis M. et al. Performance of elastography for the evaluation of thyroid nodules: a prospective study. Thyroid 2013; 23: 734-740
• 42 Wurnig M, Boss A. MR-Elastographie der Leber. Swiss Medical. Forum: EMH Media 2013; 784-785
• 43 Sack I, Fischer T, Thomas A. et al. Magnetresonanzelastographie der Leber. Radiologe 2012; 52: 738-744
• 44 Akkaya HE, Erden A, Öz DK. et al. Magnetic resonance elastography: basic principles, technique, and clinical applications in the liver. Diagn Intervent Radiol 2018; 24: 328
• 45 Yin M, Chen J, Glaser KJ. et al. Abdominal magnetic resonance elastography. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2009; 20: 79-87