Zusammenfassung
Die präoperative Vorbereitung und Optimierung ist zentraler Bestandteil der anästhesiologischen
Prämedikationsvisite. Ziel ist es, postoperative Komplikationen zu vermeiden und die
Patientensicherheit zu erhöhen. In diesem Artikel werden kardiale, respiratorische
und metabolische Risikofaktoren von Patienten vor elektiven nicht herz-thoraxchirurgischen
Eingriffen
behandelt und deren Diagnostik- und Optimierungsmöglichkeiten dargestellt.
Abstract
Patient safety and reduction of postoperative complications are the top priorities
for anaesthesiologists in everyday clinical practice. Therefore, preoperative assessment
and optimization
of patient specific risk factors are crucial for reduction of postoperative morbidity
and mortality. Understanding the patientʼs medical history and clinical examination
represent the two
most important aspects of preoperative patient evaluation by the anaesthesiologist.
In addition, there are several clinical scores to specify the patientʼs individual
perioperative risk
according to the existing comorbidities. These specific assessment tools are
easily accessible and have proven effective in everyday clinical practice. Special
attention should be paid to
preoperative cardiac, respiratory and metabolic conditions. The combination of
risk stratification and strategies to improve the patientʼs preoperative medical status
are capable to reduce
complications in the postoperative period.
Schlüsselwörter
Patientensicherheit, präoperative Optimierung, Risikoevaluation
Key words
patient safety - preoperative optimization - risk assessment
