Das metastasierte nichtkleinzellige Lungenkarzinom im Wandel – Einblick in neue therapeutische Strategien zur Behandlung des NSCLC

Zusammenfassung

Das Lungenkarzinom ist weltweit die häufigste Todesursache unter den Krebserkrankungen. [1] In Deutschland erkrankten im Jahr 2016 etwa 21 500 Frauen und 36 000 Männer an bösartigen Tumoren der Lunge, 16 481 Frauen und 29 324 Männer verstarben an dieser Erkrankung. [2] In den letzten Jahren ist die Bedeutung molekularer Testung von Tumorgewebe bei Patienten mit metastasierten nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) immer weiter in den Vordergrund gerückt und bestimmt nunmehr unser therapeutisches Handeln. Neue zielgerichtete Therapiestrategien wie die Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren und die Immuntherapie rücken immer weiter in den Fokus und haben die Diagnostik und das Management der Erkrankung über die Jahre revolutioniert. Durch den gezielten Einsatz dieser neuen Substanzen hat sich die Prognose des metastasierten NSCLC dramatisch gewandelt. Besonders Patienten mit aktivierenden Treibermutationen haben von den Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre enorm profitiert. Am Beispiel der EGFR-Mutation und der ALK- Fusion sehen wir Überlebensdaten, die noch vor wenigen Jahren utopisch erschienen.

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths globally. [1] In Germany, lung cancer occurred in approximately 21 500 women and 36.000 men in the year of 2016, 16 481 women and 29 324 men died of this disease. [2] Over the last couple of years, molecular characterization of tumor tissue in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become a vital part of our clinical routine and serves as a guide to treatment. Novel treatment selection, from tyrosin kinase-inhibitors to immunotherapy, is more available than ever and revolutionized our management of this disease. Through the targeted use of these new substances prognosis for patients with metastatic NSCLC has dramatically improved. Especially patients with an activating mutation such as EGFR and ALK have shown incredible survival data and have benefited from these advances over the last years.

Schlüsselwörter

Lungenkarzinom - Treibermutation - zielgerichtete Therapie - Immunonkologie

Keywords

lung cancer - activating mutation - targeted therapy - immuno oncology

Publication History

Article published online:
08 April 2021

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