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Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 2020; 41(04): 170-176
DOI: 10.1055/a-1150-9456
Forschung

Von der traditionellen Anwendung zur rationalen Phytotherapie: Phytochemische Analyse und prä-klinische Untersuchungen zur antimikrobiellen Wirkung von Blätterextrakten von Combretum collinum Fresen.

Peter Marquardt
1   Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Leipzig
,
Cica Vissiennon
2   Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Universität Leipzig
,
Virgile Ahyi
3   Inter-Regional University of Industrial Engineering Biotechnologies and Applied Sciences, IRGIB Africa University, Cotonou, Benin
,
Karin Fester
1   Institut für Pharmazie, Universität Leipzig
4   Fakultät für Natur- und Umweltwissenschaften, Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz
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Zusammenfassung

In der Zone südlich der Sahara gibt es etwa 7000 verschiedene Pflanzenarten, die ein großes Potenzial haben, zur Ernährungs- und Gesundheitsversorgung der 1,2 Milliarden Einwohner dieser Region beizutragen. Besonders in Benin, einem Staat in Westafrika, sind Heilpflanzen eine wichtige natürliche Ressource, die 80–99 % der Bevölkerung mindestens als ergänzende, wenn nicht sogar als primäre medizinische Grundversorgung nutzen. Blätter von Combretum collinum Fresen. (Combretaceae) werden in der traditionellen westafrikanischen Medizin zur Behandlung bakterieller Infektionen und zur Förderung der Wundheilung eingesetzt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf die phytochemische Charakterisierung und die Analyse der antimikrobiellen Aktivität eines 50 % EtOH-Blattextraktes von C. collinum. Untersuchungen zur antimikrobiellen Aktivität wurden mit Agar-Well-Diffusions- und Mikrodilutionstests durchgeführt. Die phytochemische Charakterisierung erfolgte mit verschiedenen chromatographischen und spektroskopischen Methoden (HPLC, LC-MS, Flash-Chromatographie, 1 H-NMR). Die Untersuchungen bestätigten Myricetin-3-O-rhamnosid und Myricetin-3-O-glucosid als polyphenolische Hauptinhaltsstoffe des 50 % EtOH-Blattextraktes von C. collinum. Im Agar-Well-Diffusionstest zeigte der Extrakt die größten Hemmhöfe gegen S. epidermidis, MRSA und S. aureus. Im Mikrodilutionstest wies der Extrakt durchschnittliche Hemmkonzentrationen von 275,0 µg/ml für S. epidermidis und 385,5 µg/ml für MRSA auf. Der Nachweis der antibakteriellen Aktivität liefert einen deutlichen Hinweis für den möglichen Nutzen der topischen Anwendung von Extrakten aus C.-collinum-Blättern in der traditionellen westafrikanischen Medizin. Die ethnomedizinische Verwendung bietet somit eine alternative Behandlungsoption für topische Infektionen durch Staphylococcus-Arten.

Abstract

From traditional healing to rational phytotherapy: phytochemical analyses and pre-clinical studies of antimicrobial activities from Combretum collinum Fresen. leaf extracts

There are about 7000 different plant species in sub-Saharan Africa, which have a great potential to contribute to the nutrition and health care of the region's 1.2 billion inhabitants. Especially in Benin, a country in West Africa, medicinal plants are an important natural resource on which 80–99 % of the population depend to provide at least complementary, if not primary, basic health care. Leaves of Combretum collinum Fresen. (Combretaceae) are used in traditional West African medicine to treat bacterial infections and to promote wound healing. The present study focuses on the phytochemical characterization and analysis of the antimicrobial activity of a 50 % EtOH leaf extract of C. collinum. Analysis of the antimicrobial activity was performed with agar-well diffusion and microdilution tests. The phytochemical characterization was carried out with different chromatographic and spectroscopic methods (HPLC, LC-MS, flash chromatography, 1H-NMR). The results confirmed myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside and myricetin-3-O-glucoside as the main polyphenolic compounds of the 50 % EtOH leaf extract of C. collinum. In the agar-well diffusion test, the extract demonstrated the largest inhibition sites against S. epidermidis, MRSA, and S. aureus. In the microdilution test, the extract showed inhibition concentrations of 275.0 μg/ml for S. epidermidis and 385.5 μg/ml for MRSA. The evidence of antibacterial activity provides a clear indication of the potential benefits of topical application of extracts of C. collinum leaves in traditional West African medicine. The ethnomedical use thus offers an alternative treatment option for topical infections caused by Staphylococcus species.



Publication History

Article published online:
01 September 2020

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Stuttgart · New York

 

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