Glutenfrei = Problemfrei?

Zusammenfassung

Immer mehr Menschen, die nicht an Zöliakie erkrankt sind, ernähren sich glutenfrei. Neben ungeklärten abdominellen Symptomen sind auch andere Beschwerden (z. B. Müdigkeit, Hautveränderungen, Gelenkbeschwerden) Gründe für eine gluten- bzw. weizenfreie Ernährung. Aber auch gesunde Personen erhoffen sich vom Glutenverzicht im Rahmen des „frei-von“-Trends einen gesundheitlichen Nutzen. Inzwischen weisen Studien auf eine mögliche Schwermetallbelastung durch eine glutenfreien Diät hin, die sich u. a. in erhöhten Arsenurinkonzentrationen und Quecksilberblutspiegeln manifestiert. Ursache hierfür ist vor allem der hohe Anteil an belastetem Reis und Reismehl in vielen glutenfreien Produkten. Als weitere negative Effekte einer glutenfreien Diät werden ein erhöhtes Herz-Kreislauf- und Typ-2-Diabetes-Risiko durch eine verringerte Ballaststoffzufuhr diskutiert.

Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt gibt es außer bei einer Zöliakiediagnose keine weitere eindeutige Indikation für eine glutenfreie Ernährung.

Abstract

More and more people without celiac disease follow a gluten-free diet. In addition to unexplained abdominal symptoms, other complaints (such as tiredness, skin changes, joint problems) are reasons for a gluten- or wheat-free diet. But an increasing number of people not affected by these diseases expect positive health effects of a gluten-free diet. According to a recent study, negative effects of a gluten-free diet are elevated heavy metal concentrations e. g. higher urinary arsenic levels and mercury blood levels in people following a gluten-free diet compared to people who not following a gluten-free diet. Reason for that could be the high intake of rice and rice flour in processed gluten-free foods often consumed by these groups. Other risks that are associated with a gluten-free lifestyle are coronary heart diseases and type 2 diabetes. For this reason, a gluten-free diet is not recommended for individuals without celiac disease, if a medical advice does not exist.

Schlüsselwörter

Gluten - glutenfreie Diät - Arsen - Quecksilber - Schwermetalle

Keywords

gluten - gluten-free diet - arsenic - mercury - heavy metals

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