Ansätze zur Prävention einer Hirnschädigung bei Früh- und Reifgeborenen

Die Hirnschädigung eines Neugeborenen verändert das ganze Leben des Kindes und das seiner Familie. Obwohl die Ursachen vielfältig sind, sind die evidenzbasierten Präventionsmaßnahmen überschaubar und die Therapieoptionen limitiert. Der Artikel fasst die häufigsten Ursachen der Hirnschädigung zusammen, zeigt Risikofaktoren auf und vermittelt Ansätze zur Prävention bei Termin- und Frühgeborenen.

Kernaussagen

• Die Schädigungsmuster des Gehirns von Termin- und Frühgeborenen sind unterschiedlich.

• Die genaue Pathogenese der Hirnschädigung ist bis heute noch nicht vollständig verstanden, was auch die Prävention schwierig gestaltet.

• Häufigste Schädigungsursache bei Termingeborenen ist die Asphyxie, bei Frühgeborenen die Hirnblutung und die periventrikuläre Leukomalazie.

• Da zahlreiche Risikofaktoren für eine Hirnschädigung bereits pränatal bestehen, sollten Geburtshelfer und Neonatologen eng zusammenarbeiten, um eine spätere kindliche Hirnschädigung zu verhindern.

Schlüsselwörter

Hirnschädigung - Zerebralparese - Asphyxie - hypoxisch-ischämische Enzephalopathie - periventrikuläre Leukomalazie

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