RSS-Feed abonnieren
PDF herunterladen
DOI: 10.3414/ME17-01-0045
Development and Usability of a Smartphone Application for Tracking Antiretroviral Medication Refill Data for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors
Funding Dr. Coppock receives research and training support through an NIH Award: T32-AI055435. Dr. Lowenthal receives research and career development support through an NIH Career Development Award: K23-MH095669. Dr. Gross receives support for global health research and mentorship through an NIH Award: D43-TW009781. This research was also supported by the Penn Center for AIDS Research (CFAR).
Publikationsverlauf
received:
10. Mai 2017
accepted in revised form:
01. September 2017
Publikationsdatum:
24. Januar 2018 (online)
Summary
Background: Adherence to antiretroviral medication leads to HIV suppression and decreased morbidity and mortality. In resource- limited settings, the dependence on paper medical charts and unstable electronic health records creates a challenge to monitoring medication adherence. A pharmacy-based strategy that utilizes existing cellular phone infrastructure may lead to a more stable system to monitor adherence.
Objectives: To develop and evaluate the usability of a smartphone-based software application (app) for tracking antiretroviral medication refill data in a resource-limited setting.
Methods: A pharmacy-based smartphone app for tracking HIV medication adherence was developed through a multi-step rapid prototyping process. The usability of the app was assessed during the daily activities of pharmacy dispensers at HIV clinics in and around Gaborone, Botswana using a validated computer usability survey.
Results: The study demonstrated the effective development of and favorable end-user responses to a pharmacy-based HIV medication adherence app. End users had suggestions for minor changes to improve the app’s functionality.
Conclusions: In resource-limited settings where electronic health record support is limited, such a system was feasible and appealing. In the future, this system may allow for improved HIV medication adherence tracking and be applied to medications beyond antiretrovirals.
-
References
- 1 Gross R. et al. A Simple, Dynamic Measure of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Predicts Failure to Maintain HIV-1 Suppression. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2006; 194 (08) 1108-1114.
- 2 Turner BJ. Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy by Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2002; 185 (Suppl. 02) S143-S151.
- 3 Park WB. et al. One-year adherence to clinic visits after highly active antiretroviral therapy: a predictor of clinical progress in HIV patients. J Intern Med 2007; 261 (03) 268-275.
- 4 Lazo M. et al. Patterns and predictors of changes in adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: longitudinal study of men and women. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 45 (10) 1377-1385.
- 5 Halkitis PN. et al. The physical, emotional and interpersonal impact of HAART: exploring the realities of HIV seropositive individuals on combination therapy. J Health Psychol 2005; 10 (03) 345-358.
- 6 Scanlon ML, Vreeman RC. Current strategies for improving access and adherence to antiretroviral therapies in resource-limited settings. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2013; 5: 1-17.
- 7 Pham MD. et al. Feasibility of antiretroviral treatment monitoring in the era of decentralized HIV care: a systematic review. AIDS Research and Therapy 2017; 14: 3.
- 8 Grossberg R, Zhang Y, Gross R. A time-to-prescription-refill measure of antiretroviral adherence predicted changes in viral load in HIV. J Clin Epidemiol 2004; 57 (10) 1107-1110.
- 9 Ferradini L. et al. Scaling up of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a rural district of Malawi: an effectiveness assessment. Lancet 2006; 367 9519 1335-1342.
- 10 Wendel CS. et al. Barriers to use of electronic adherence monitoring in an HIV clinic. Ann Pharmacother 2001; 35 (09) 1010-1015.
- 11 Paterson DL. et al. Adherence to Protease Inhibitor Therapy and Outcomes in Patients with HIV Infection. Annals of Internal Medicine 2000; 133 (01) 21-30.
- 12 Orrell CM. et al. Simplifying HIV Cohort Monitor- ing-Pharmacy Stock Records Minimize Resources Necessary to Determine Retention in Care. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2013; 62 (03) e106-e108.
- 13 Horvath T. et al. Mobile phone text messaging for promoting adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 03 CD009756.
- 14 Shet A. et al. Effect of mobile telephone reminders on treatment outcome in HIV: evidence from a randomised controlled trial in India. BMJ. 2014: 349.
- 15 Vervloet M. et al. Short- and long-term effects of real-time medication monitoring with short message service (SMS) reminders for missed doses on the refill adherence of people with Type 2 diabetes: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Diabet Med 2014; 31 (07) 821-828.
- 16 Lester RT. et al. Effects of a mobile phone short message service on antiretroviral treatment adherence in Kenya (WelTel Kenya1): a randomised trial. Lancet 2010; 376 9755 1838-1845.
- 17 World Health Organization. African Health Observatory, Botswana Country Profile [cited 2015 Oct 29]. Available from: http://www.aho.afro.who.int/profiles_information/index.php/Botswana:The_Health_System.
- 18 Wester CW. et al. Establishment of a public anti- retroviral treatment clinic for adults in urban Botswana: lessons learned. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40 (07) 1041-1044.
- 19 Progress Report to the National Response of the 2011 Declaraion of Commitments on HIV and AIDS.. Republic of Botswana: 2015
- 20 Botswana 2016 Integrated HIV Clinical Care Guidelines, 2016.
- 21 President’s Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief Botswana Country Operational Plan 2016: Strategic Direction Summary. 2016.
- 22 President’s Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief Botswana Operational Plan Report FY 2013. 2013.
- 23 Seitio-Kgokgwe O. et al. Development of the National Health Information Systems in Botswana: Pitfalls, Prospects and Lessons. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics. 2015 7. 02.
- 24 Bevan N, Kirakowski J, Maissel J. What is usability?. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Human Computer Interaction. 1991: 651-655.
- 25 Gopher D, Braune R. On the psychophysics of workload: Why bother with subjective measures?. Human Factors 1984; 26: 519-532.
- 26 Alty JL. Can we measure usability?. Proceedings of the Advanced Information Systems 1992 Conference. 1992: 95-106.
- 27 Lewis JR. IBM Computer Usability Satisfaction Questionnaires: Psychometric Evaluation and Instructions for Use: Technical Report 54.786.. Boca Raton: IBM Corporation; 1993
- 28 Brown J. et al. Design Specifications for Network Prototype and Cooperative to Conduct Population-Based Studies and Safety Surveillance. Effective Healthcare Research Reports: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2009 Available from: http://www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/ehc/products/54/50/2009_0728DEcIDE_Design-SpecNetCoopPopSafety.pdf.
- 29 Hwang W, Salvendy G. Number of people required for usability evaluation: the 10±;2 rule. Commun ACM 2010; 53 (05) 130-133.
- 30 Dezii CM. Persistence with drug therapy: a practical approach using administrative claims data. Manag Care 2001; 10 (02) 42-45.
- 31 Botswana National Strategic Framework for HIV/ AIDS 2003-2009. 2002.
- 32 Orange Botswana [cited 2016 Jul 7]. Available from: http://www.orange.co.bw/2/personal/1/3/homepage-1.html.