Probiotische Evolution: Vom einfachen Mikroorganismenstamm zum Multi-Spezies-Konzept

Zusammenfassung

Multi-Spezies-Probiotika kombinieren die spezifischen Eigenschaften von verschiedenen Bakterien-Gattungen, -Arten oder -Stämmen miteinander und können im Idealfall synergistisch wirken. Auf (immuno)pathophysiologischer Grundlage wird das Design krankheitsspezifischer Multi-Spezies-Probiotika zur Vorbeugung vor Allergien im Kindesalter und Asthma beschrieben. Ein nach diesen Kriterien konzipiertes Handelspräparat aus Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. infantis und Lactobacillus lactis führte nach perinataler Verabreichung zu einer erheblichen Verringerung von Ekzemen in den ersten 3 Monaten nach der Geburt. Die Wirkung hielt auch darüber hinaus an. Es bleibt offen, ob dieses Probiotikum auch eine erfolgreiche Reduzierung von Asthma-Anfällen herbeiführen kann.

Summary

A literature survey was carried out to compare functionality and efficacy of monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics. Multispecies probiotics offer the opportunity to combine genus, species or strain-specific properties and may provide synergistic effects. Through a combination of strains with distinct health-promoting properties, diseasespecific multispecies probiotics can be designed that tackle various pathophysiological aspects simultaneously. The design of a disease-specific multispecies probiotic for prevention of childhood allergy and asthma is described based on the (immuno)pathophysiological events in asthma and allergy. We have selected a commercially available multispecies probiotic consisting of Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. infantis and Lactobacillus lactis). Perinatal administration of this probiotic mixture significantly reduced the amount of eczema during the first 3 months of life when compared to placebo. The protective effects are sustained during the first years but it remains to be seen whether this protocol is able to reduce the incidence of asthma.

Schlüsselwörter

Probiotika - Multi-Spezies-Probiotikum - Allergie - Asthma

Key words

Probiotic - Monostrain - Multistrain - Multispecies - Allergy - asthma

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