In-vivo topography of structural alterations of the anterior cingulate gyrus in schizophrenia

Disturbances of metabolism and function of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have been repeatedly reported for patients with schizophrenia. In contrast, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of this region of interest (ROI) have been relatively few and the results inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that different subregions of the ACC are differentially affected by the disease process of schizophrenia. We investigated ACC volumes in 50 male and right-handed patients with schizophrenia according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV. The patients were individually matched for age, sex, handedness and education with 50 control subjects. ACC was subdivided into four parts: precallosal, subgenual, precommissural and postcommissural regions. Measurements were performed with a 1.5 T magnetom vision apparatus. ROIs were defined on consecutive coronal MRI-slices. The software program BRAINS was used for volumetry and segmentation into gray and white matter. We detected that ACC gray matter volume of the right precallosal region and right total ACC was significantly reduced in schizophrenic patients compared with controls. In addition, left ACC gray matter was selectively reduced in the subgenual region. These results confirmed our hypothesis that different ACC regions are differentially affected by structural alterations in schizophrenia, a circumstance that might explain in part contradictory results of previous structural ACC studies.