Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Behandlung der kindlichen Katarakt wird in Fragen des Operationszeitpunkts, des
chirurgischen Zugangsweges, der Nachstarprophylaxe und der Refraktionseinstellung
unterschiedlich gehandhabt. Ziel der Umfrage ist eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme. Material und Methoden: Schriftliche Umfrage zu Behandlungsdetails bei kindlicher Katarakt im Jahr 2005 unter
113 operativ tätigen Institutionen in der BRD. Ergebnisse: 60 Institutionen (53 %) gaben eine Rückmeldung. Bei der Lentektomie wurde in 75 %
ein Zugang über die Vorderkammer gewählt, der periphere Kapselring wurde in 94 % belassen,
eine myope Einstellung der postoperativen Kontaktlinse wurde in 76 % gewählt. Nach
IOL-Implantation wurde eine Nachstarprophylaxe mit Hinterkapseleröffnung und vorderer
Vitrektomie in 83 % durchgeführt, zumeist bis zum sechsten Lebensjahr (87 %). Eine
Institution implantierte ab dem 6. Lebensmonat, 50 % ab zwei Jahren, 37 % zwischen
drei und sechs Jahren. Eine hyperope Refraktion zum Ausgleich des Myopic shift wurde
von 62 % gewählt. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Behandlung der kindlichen Katarakt ist in Deutschland sehr heterogen. Offene
Fragen zum optimalen Vorgehen könnten durch klinische Studien beantwortet werden.
Abstract
Background: Among ophthalmologists congenital cataract appears to be treated very differently
with regard to surgical technique and postoperative care. Most discussed items are
the optimal time points for lensectomy and intraocular lens implantation, the surgical
approach (via anterior chamber or pars plana), details of secondary cataract prophylaxis
and the refractive adjustment. Materials and Methods: We conducted a written survey of 113 eye hospitals or private ophthalmic surgeons
in Germany on details of the congenital cataract treatment in 2005. Results: We received feedback from 60 institutions (53 % response rate). The favoured approach
for lensectomy was the anterior chamber (75 %). 95 % of institutions leave the capsular
ring intact. The refraction of the postoperative contact lens was mainly chosen to
be myopic (76 %). Intraocular lens implantation was perfomed mostly from an age of
two years onwards (50 %) or between three and six years (37 %). Only one institution
implanted from the sixth month of life. In order to compensate for the myopic shift
62 % chose a hyperopic lens refraction at implantation. Conclusions: The treatment of congenital cataracts in Germany is performed rather heterogeneously.
More clinical studies are required to answer the open questions.
Schlüsselwörter
Katarakt - Kind - Lentektomie - Nachstar - Kontaktlinse - Myopic shift
Key words
cataract - congenital - lensectomy - secondary cataract - contact lens - myopic shift
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Dr. Christian Noack
Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair
E. D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site; Robinson Way
CB2 2PY Cambridge, UK
Phone: ++ 44/12 23/33 11 60
Fax: ++ 44/12 23/33 11 74
Email: christian.noack@uniklinik-freiburg.de