Zusammenfassung
Wir berichten über eine 40-jährige Patientin mit einer rekurrierenden cholestatischen
Lebererkrankung, die sich zweimal im Rahmen einer kompliziert verlaufenden Schwangerschaft
als intrahepatische Cholestase und zwischenzeitlich mit einer ausgeprägten Choledocholithiasis
manifestierte. Die Choledocholithiasis wurde endoskopisch therapiert und die Gallenblase
nach der zweiten Entbindung laparoskopisch entfernt. Die Leberhistologie in der Schwangerschaft
ergab eine intrahepatische Cholestase mit portaler Entzündung und Fibrose wie bei
progressiver familiärer intrahepatischer Cholestase (PFIC). Die molekulargenetischen
Untersuchungen wiesen erstmals bei einer Patienten mit intrahepatischer Schwangerschaftscholestase
und Choledocholithiasis die heterozygote Mutation c.957C > T des ABCB4-Gens des hepatobiliären
Phospholipidtransporters nach, die zu einem Stoppcodon führt. Zudem wurde ein Polymorphismus
im ABCB11-Gen detektiert, der mit einer verminderten Expression des Gallensäurentransporters
assoziiert ist. Während homozygote Träger der ABCB4-Mutation im Kindesalter PFIC (Typ
3) entwickeln, sind die beiden heterozygoten Mutationen als Risikofaktoren für die
Cholelithiasis und die unter oralen Kontrazeptiva oder dem hormonellen Einfluss in
der Schwangerschaft passager auftretende cholestatische Hepatitis zu werten. Auffällig
waren eine erhöhte γ-Glutamyltransferase bei der Choledocholithiasis, jedoch eine
normwertige γ-Glutamyltransferase während der schwangerschaftsassoziierten cholestatischen
Episoden und die vollständige Normalisierung der Leberwerte nach der Entbindung. Ob
Ursodesoxycholsäure bei ABCB4-Defizienz den Verlauf der Cholestaseepisoden beeinflussen
oder die Steinbildung verhindern kann, ist nicht gesichert.
Abstract
We report the case of a 40-years-old female patient with recurrent cholestatic liver
disease who presented twice with severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and
pronounced choledocholithiasis between pregnancies. Bile duct stones were removed
endoscopically and a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed after the second pregnancy.
Liver histology revealed intrahepatic cholestasis with portal inflammation and fibrosis,
resembling progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). Molecular genetic
studies identified the heterozygous mutation c.957C > T in the ABCB4 gene encoding
the hepatobiliary phospholipid transporter. This is the first report of this mutation
that introduces a stop codon in an index patient with intrahepatic cholestasis of
pregnancy and multiple bile duct stones. In addition, we detected the ABCB11 polymorphism
V 444A, which is associated with a decreased expression of the bile salt export pump.
Whereas homozygous carriers of the ABCB4 mutation develop PFIC type 3, the heterozygous
ABC transporter mutations represent genetic risk factors for cholelithiasis and recurrent
cholestatic hepatitis upon challenge with oral contraceptives or during pregnancy.
Of note, the patient presented with normal serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activities
during pregnancy-associated cholestatic episodes but normal liver enzymes after delivery,
whereas choledocholithiasis was associated with high γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels.
It is unknown whether ursodeoxycholic acid prevents cholestasis or gallstones in patients
with ABCB4 deficiency.
Schlüsselwörter
Choledocholithiasis - intrahepatische Schwangerschaftscholestase - Molekulargenetik
- Gallengangsverschluss - Phospolipide
Key words
choledocholithiasis - intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy - molecular genetics -
obstetric cholestasis - phospholipids
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Dr. Klaus Muehlenberg
Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg
Prüfeninger Str 86
93049 Regensburg
Email: klaus.muehlenberg@barmherzige-regensburg.de