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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963422
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Rezidivierende Schwangerschaftscholestase und perlenschnurartige Choledocholithiasis bei einer Patientin mit Stoppcodon im ABCB4-Gen des hepatischen Phospholipidtransporters
Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy and Chain-Like Choledocholitiasis in a Female Patient with Stop Codon in the ABDC4-gene of the Hepatobiliary Phospholipid TransporterPublication History
Manuskript eingetroffen: 20.11.2006
Manuskript akzeptiert: 16.7.2007
Publication Date:
11 January 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Wir berichten über eine 40-jährige Patientin mit einer rekurrierenden cholestatischen Lebererkrankung, die sich zweimal im Rahmen einer kompliziert verlaufenden Schwangerschaft als intrahepatische Cholestase und zwischenzeitlich mit einer ausgeprägten Choledocholithiasis manifestierte. Die Choledocholithiasis wurde endoskopisch therapiert und die Gallenblase nach der zweiten Entbindung laparoskopisch entfernt. Die Leberhistologie in der Schwangerschaft ergab eine intrahepatische Cholestase mit portaler Entzündung und Fibrose wie bei progressiver familiärer intrahepatischer Cholestase (PFIC). Die molekulargenetischen Untersuchungen wiesen erstmals bei einer Patienten mit intrahepatischer Schwangerschaftscholestase und Choledocholithiasis die heterozygote Mutation c.957C > T des ABCB4-Gens des hepatobiliären Phospholipidtransporters nach, die zu einem Stoppcodon führt. Zudem wurde ein Polymorphismus im ABCB11-Gen detektiert, der mit einer verminderten Expression des Gallensäurentransporters assoziiert ist. Während homozygote Träger der ABCB4-Mutation im Kindesalter PFIC (Typ 3) entwickeln, sind die beiden heterozygoten Mutationen als Risikofaktoren für die Cholelithiasis und die unter oralen Kontrazeptiva oder dem hormonellen Einfluss in der Schwangerschaft passager auftretende cholestatische Hepatitis zu werten. Auffällig waren eine erhöhte γ-Glutamyltransferase bei der Choledocholithiasis, jedoch eine normwertige γ-Glutamyltransferase während der schwangerschaftsassoziierten cholestatischen Episoden und die vollständige Normalisierung der Leberwerte nach der Entbindung. Ob Ursodesoxycholsäure bei ABCB4-Defizienz den Verlauf der Cholestaseepisoden beeinflussen oder die Steinbildung verhindern kann, ist nicht gesichert.
Abstract
We report the case of a 40-years-old female patient with recurrent cholestatic liver disease who presented twice with severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and pronounced choledocholithiasis between pregnancies. Bile duct stones were removed endoscopically and a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed after the second pregnancy. Liver histology revealed intrahepatic cholestasis with portal inflammation and fibrosis, resembling progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). Molecular genetic studies identified the heterozygous mutation c.957C > T in the ABCB4 gene encoding the hepatobiliary phospholipid transporter. This is the first report of this mutation that introduces a stop codon in an index patient with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and multiple bile duct stones. In addition, we detected the ABCB11 polymorphism V 444A, which is associated with a decreased expression of the bile salt export pump. Whereas homozygous carriers of the ABCB4 mutation develop PFIC type 3, the heterozygous ABC transporter mutations represent genetic risk factors for cholelithiasis and recurrent cholestatic hepatitis upon challenge with oral contraceptives or during pregnancy. Of note, the patient presented with normal serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activities during pregnancy-associated cholestatic episodes but normal liver enzymes after delivery, whereas choledocholithiasis was associated with high γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels. It is unknown whether ursodeoxycholic acid prevents cholestasis or gallstones in patients with ABCB4 deficiency.
Schlüsselwörter
Choledocholithiasis - intrahepatische Schwangerschaftscholestase - Molekulargenetik - Gallengangsverschluss - Phospolipide
Key words
choledocholithiasis - intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy - molecular genetics - obstetric cholestasis - phospholipids
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Dr. Klaus Muehlenberg
Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg
Prüfeninger Str 86
93049 Regensburg
Email: klaus.muehlenberg@barmherzige-regensburg.de
