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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-959281
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Metabolisches Syndrom und periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankeit als Indikatoren für erhöhtes kardiovaskuläres Risiko
Metabolic syndrome and peripheral arterial disease as indicators for increased cardiovascular riskPublication History
eingereicht: 30.8.2006
akzeptiert: 30.11.2006
Publication Date:
22 December 2006 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die Eignung des metabolischen Syndroms (MetS) wie auch eines niedrigen Knöchel-Arm-Index (Ankle Brachial Index, ABI) zur Identifikation von Patienten mit hohem Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse wurde wiederholt postuliert. Bislang fehlen allerdings robuste Daten zur Prävalenz bzw. zur Prognose solcher Patienten in der hausärztlichen Praxis.
Patienten und Methodik: In der prospektiven, nicht-interventionellen „German Epidemiological Trial on Ankle Brachial Index (getABI)” wurden 6880 nicht ausgewählte Patienten ³ 65 Jahre von 344 Hausärzten über 3 Jahre hinsichtlich Tod und kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse nachverfolgt. Die Definition des MetS erfolgte in Annäherung an die NCEP-ATP-III-Kriterien (National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III). Nach dopplersonographischer Bestimmung des systolischen Blutdrucks am distalen Ende der Wade (über der A. tibialis anterior bzw. der A. tibialis posterior) und des Blutdrucks am Oberarm (über der Arteria brachialis) wurde daraus der ABI errechnet. Eine periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (PAVK) wurde definiert als Ankle-Brachial-Index (ABI) <0,9 bzw. periphere Revaskularisation/Amputation in Folge einer pAVK. Überlebenszeitanalysen wurden mit Hilfe des Cox-Proportional Hazard Modells durchgeführt. Hazard-Rate Ratios (HRR, 95 % Konfidenzintervall, KI) wurden multivariat adjustiert.
Ergebnisse: Die Beobachtungszeit für die Gesamtkohorte betrug mehr als 20 000 Personenjahre (PJ). Die kardiovaskuläre Mortalität war bei Patienten mit MetS (n = 3040; 44 %) im Vergleich zu solchen ohne MetS (n = 3795; 55 %) verdoppelt (8,5 vs. 4,0 pro 1000 PJ; HRR: 2,0; KI 1,3 - 2,9). Das gemeinsame Vorkommen von MetS und PAVK (n = 651; 9,5 %) erhöhte das Mortalitätsrisiko im Vergleich zu Personen ohne beide Erkrankungen (n = 3194; 46,4 %) drastisch (21,1 vs. 3,0 pro 1000 PJ; HRR: 5,7; KI: 3,5 - 9,4). Ähnliche signifikante Risikoerhöhungen ergaben sich auch hinsichtlich der Mortalität aufgrund aller Ursachen bzw. einem kombinierten Endpunkt aus Mortalität und vaskulärer Morbidität. Außerdem fand sich mit abnehmendem ABI eine erhöhte kardiovaskuläre Ereignisrate.
Folgerung: Patienten mit einem MetS sind einem deutlich erhöhten Risiko für einen vorzeitigen Tod, insbesondere durch kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse, ausgesetzt und bedürfen einer intensiven Behandlung ihrer Risikofaktoren. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen einer PAVK.
Summary
Background and aims: The usefulness of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) or a low ankle brachial index (ABI), respectively, to identify patients with high risk for cardiovascular events has repeatedly been postulated. However, robust data on the prevalence and prognosis of such patients are missing in the primary care setting.
Patients and methods: In the prospective, non-interventional „German epidemiological trial on Ankle Brachial Index (getABI) at total of 6880 unselected patients ³ 65 years were observed by their General Practitioners over 3 years. Death and cardiovascular events were recorded. The definition of MetS was similar to the one of NCEP ATP III (National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III). ABI (ratio of the systolic blood pressures measured at the distal part of the calf and at the upper arm) was measured with Doppler sonography. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was defined as ABI <0.9 or peripheral revascularization/amputation owing to PAD. Survival analyses were conducted with a Cox proportional hazard model. Hazard rate ratios (HRR, 95 % confidence intervals, CI) were multvariate adjusted.
Results: The observation time for the total cohort was more than 20,000 patient years (PY). Cardiovascular mortality in patients with MetS (n = 3040, 44 %) compared to patients without MetS (n = 3795; 55 %) was doubled (8.5 vs. 4.0 per 1,000 PY; HRR: 2.0; CI 1.3 - 2.9). Concomitant presence of MetS and PAD (n = 651; 9.5 %) increased the mortality risk compared to patients without both conditions (n = 3194; 46.4 %) drastically (21.1 vs. 3.0 per 1000 PY; HRR: 5.7; CI: 3.5 - 9.4). Similar significant risk increases also were noted for all-cause mortality or a combined endpoint of mortality and vascular morbidity. Further, in lower ABI categories cardiovascular event rates increased.
Conclusions: Patients with MetS carry a substantially increased risk of premature death, especially cardiovascular death, and therefore require intensive treatment of their risk factors. This holds especially true if concomitant PAD is present.
Schlüsselwörter
Metabolisches Syndrom - periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit - Knöchel-Arm-Index - kardiovaskuläres Risiko - Screening - Sekundärprävention
Key words
Metabolic syndrome - peripheral arterial disease - ankle brachial index - cardiovascular risk - screening - secondary prevention
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Prof. Dr. med. Curt Diehm
Klinikum Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Heidelberg
Guttmannstraße 1
76307 Karlsbad
Phone: 07202/613340
Fax: 07202/616167
Email: Curt.Diehm@kkl.srh.de