ABSTRACT
Neurogenic control of the peripheral circulation is accomplished by alterations in
nerve discharge to the pre- and postcapillary vascular network in the various organs.
The postganglionic sympathetic adrenergic nerves constitute the most important efferent
pathway for neural control. The physiologic response of the microvasculature to neural
influences depends on a number of factors: the pattern of distribution of the innervation
to the microvessels is one of the more important determinants. In addition to its
influence on the contractile state of vascular smooth muscle, the adrenergic nerves
also have a trophic influence on the smooth muscle cells.
Following surgical denervation of a vascular bed, the adrenergic nerve terminals degenerate,
and subsequently reinnervate, the vasculature. During the period following denervation,
a number of functional and morphologic changes occur in the smooth muscle. This review
emphasizes those aspects of the structure and function of adrenergic nerves that may
have particular relevance for microsurgery.
