ABSTRACT
Seminal vesicle protein 4 (SV-IV) is a highly flexible molecule that in aqueous solution
behaves as a concentration-dependent self-associating system in which the degree of
association (monomer ↔ dimer ↔ trimer equilibrium) seems to be related to its biological
activities. This review reports the functional role of SV-IV in seminal clotting exerted
through the modulation of inflammation, hemostasis, and sperm protection against the
damage induced by immunological or reactive oxygen species during the long journey
of spermatozoa in the female genital tract.
KEYWORDS
Seminal clotting - prostate transglutaminase - SV-IV protein - hemostatic factors
REFERENCES
- 1
Ostrowski M C, Kistler M K, Kistler W S.
Purification and cell-free synthesis of a major protein from rat seminal vesicle secretion.
A potential marker for androgen action.
J Biol Chem.
1979;
254
383-390
- 2
Mansson P E, Sugino A, Harris S E.
Purification and cell-free synthesis of a major protein from rat seminal vesicle secretion.
A potential marker for androgen action.
Nucleic Acids Res.
1981;
9
935-946
- 3
Pan Y C, Li S S.
Structure of secretory protein IV from rat seminal vesicles.
Int J Pept Protein Res.
1982;
20
177-187
- 4
Dyson H J, Wright P E.
Intrinsically unstructured proteins and their functions.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol.
2005;
6
196-207
- 5
Stiuso P, Metafora S, Facchiano A M et al..
The self-association of protein SV-IV and its possible functional implications.
Eur J Biochem.
1999;
266
1029-1035
- 6
Caporale C, Caruso C, Colonna G et al..
Structural properties of the protein SV-IV.
Eur J Biochem.
2004;
271
263-271
- 7
Metafora S, Peluso G, Persico P et al..
Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of a major protein secreted from
the epithelium of the rat seminal vesicles.
Biochem Pharmacol.
1989;
38
121-131
- 8
Camussi G, Tetta C, Bussolino F et al..
An anti-inflammatory protein secreted from the rat seminal vesicle epithelium inhibits
the synthesis of platelet-activating factor and the release of arachidonic acid and
prostacyclin.
Eur J Biochem.
1990;
192
481-485
- 9
Persico P, Mancuso F, Metafora S et al..
In vivo and in vitro inhibition of platelet aggregation by SV-IV, a major protein
secreted from the rat seminal vesicle epithelium.
Biochem Pharmacol.
1990;
40
1157-1161
- 10
Metafora S, Porta R, Ravagnan G et al..
Inhibitory effect of SV-IV, a major protein secreted from the rat seminal vesicle
epithelium, on phagocytosis and chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
J Leukoc Biol.
1989;
46
409-416
- 11
Galdiero F, Tufano M A, De Martino L et al..
Inhibition of macrophage phagocytic activity by SV-IV, a major protein secreted from
the rat seminal vesicle epithelium.
J Reprod Immunol.
1989;
16
269-284
- 12
Kelly R W, Critchley H O.
Immunomodulation by human seminal plasma: a benefit for spermatozoon and pathogen?.
Hum Reprod.
1997;
12
2200-2207
- 13
Romano-Carratelli C, Galdiero M, Nuzzo I et al..
In vivo inhibition of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to cellular antigens
by SV-IV, a major protein secreted from the rat seminal vesicle epithelium.
J Reprod Immunol.
1995;
28
15-30
- 14
Peluso G, Porta R, Esposito C et al..
Suppression of rat epididymal sperm immunogenicity by a seminal vesicle secretory
protein and transglutaminase both in vivo and in vitro.
Biol Reprod.
1994;
50
593-602
- 15
Saez F, Motta C, Boucher D, Grizard G.
Antioxidant capacity of prostasomes in human semen.
Mol Hum Reprod.
1998;
4
667-672
- 16
Sanocka D, Kurpisz M.
Reactive oxygen species and sperm cells.
Reprod Biol Endocrinol.
2004;
2
12-18
- 17
Metafora V, Franco P, Massa O et al..
Phosphorylation of seminal vesicle protein IV on Ser58 enhances its peroxidase-stimulating
activity.
Eur J Biochem.
2001;
268
3858-3869
- 18
Di Micco B, Colonna G, Porta R, Metafora S.
Rat protein SV-IV (seminal vesicle protein No. 4) accelerates human blood coagulation
in vitro by selective inhibition of antithrombin III.
Biochem Pharmacol.
1994;
48
345-352
- 19
Di Micco B, Stiuso P, Colonna G et al..
A peptide derivative (1-70 fragment) of protein SV-IV accelerates human blood coagulation
in vitro by selective inhibition of the heparin-induced antithrombin III activation
process.
J Pept Res.
1997;
49
174-182
- 20
Di Micco B, Caen J, Colonna G et al..
Inhibition of antithrombin by protein SV-IV normalizes the coagulation of hemophilic
blood.
Eur J Pharmacol.
2000;
391
1-9
- 21
Folk J E, Finlayson J S.
The epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine crosslink and the catalytic role of transglutaminases.
Adv Protein Chem.
1977;
31
1-133
- 22
Lorand L, Graham R M.
Transglutaminases: crosslinking enzymes with pleiotropic functions.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol.
2003;
4
140-156
- 23
Esposito C, Pucci P, Amoresano A, Marino G, Cozzolino A, Porta R.
Transglutaminase from rat coagulating gland secretion. Post-translational modifications
and activation by phosphatidic acids.
J Biol Chem.
1996;
271
27416-27423
- 24
Williams-Ashman H G.
Transglutaminases and the clotting of mammalian seminal fluids.
Mol Cell Biochem.
1984;
58
51-61
- 25
Fawell S E, Higgins S J.
Formation of rat copulatory plug: purified seminal vesicle secretory proteins serve
as transglutaminase substrates.
Mol Cell Endocrinol.
1987;
53
149-152
- 26
Porta R, Esposito C, Gentile V et al..
Transglutaminase-catalyzed modifications of SV-IV, a major protein secreted from the
rat seminal vesicle epithelium.
Int J Pept Protein Res.
1990;
35
117-122
- 27
Porta R, Esposito C, Metafora S et al..
Mass spectrometric identification of the amino donor and acceptor sites in a transglutaminase
protein substrate secreted from rat seminal vesicles.
Biochemistry.
1991;
30
3114-3120
- 28
Porta R, Esposito C, De Santis A, Fusco A, Iannone M, Metafora S.
Sperm maturation in human semen: role of transglutaminase-mediated reactions.
Biol Reprod.
1986;
35
965-970
- 29
Esposito C, Caputo I.
Mammalian transglutaminases. Identification of substrates as a key to physiological
function and physiopathological relevance.
FEBS J.
2005;
272
615-631
- 30
Romano-Carratelli C, Bentivoglio C, Nuzzo I et al..
Effect of protein SV-IV on experimental salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection
in mice.
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol.
2002;
9
115-125
- 31
Tufano M A, Porta R, Farzati B et al..
Rat seminal vesicle protein SV-IV and its transglutaminase-synthesized polyaminated
derivative SPD2-SV-IV induce cytokine release from human resting lymphocytes and monocytes
in vitro.
Cell Immunol.
1996;
168
148-157
- 32
Porta R, Metafora S, Esposito C et al..
Biological activities of a major protein secreted from the rat seminal vesicles after
structural modification catalyzed by transglutaminase in vitro.
Immunopharmacology.
1993;
25
179-188
- 33
Ialenti A, Santagada V, Caliendo G et al..
Synthesis of novel anti-inflammatory peptides derived from the amino-acid sequence
of the bioactive protein SV-IV.
Eur J Biochem.
2001;
268
3399-3406
- 34
Porta R, Esposito C, Schinina Á et al..
Biological activities of CNBr. fragments of a major protein secreted from the rat
seminal vesicle epithelium.
Int J Pept Protein Res.
1994;
44
507-512
- 35
Lwaleed B A, Greenfield R, Stewart A, Birch B R, Cooper A J.
Seminal clotting and fibrinolytic balance: a possible physiological role in the male
reproductive system.
Thromb Haemost.
2004;
92
752-766
Dr. Paola Stiuso
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Medical School, II University of Naples
Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
Email: paola.stiuso@unina2.it