Developmental Anatomy and Morphology of the Ovule and Seed of Heliconia (Heliconiaceae, Zingiberales)

Abstract

The developmental anatomy and morphology of the ovule and seed in several species of Heliconia were investigated as part of an embryological study of the Heliconiaceae and to provide a better understanding of their relationships with the other families of the Zingiberales. Heliconia species have an ovule primordium with an outer integument of both dermal and subdermal origin. The archesporial cell is divided into a megasporocyte and a single parietal cell, which in turn are divided only anticlinally to form a single parietal layer, disintegrating later during gametogenesis. The embryo sac was fully developed prior to anthesis. In the developing seed, the endosperm was nuclear, with wall formation in the globular stage; a nucellar pad was observed during embryo development, but later became compressed. The ripe fruit contained seeds enveloped by a lignified endocarp that formed the pyrenes, with each pyrene having an operculum at the basal end; the embryo was considered to be differentiated. Most of these characteristics are shared with other Zingiberales, although the derivation of the operculum from the funicle and the formation of the main mechanical layer by the endocarp are unique to the Heliconiaceae.

Embryo - Heliconia - megagametogenesis - megasporogenesis - pyrene - Zingiberales

References

• 1 Andersson L.. Heliconiaceae. Kubitzki, K., ed. the Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IV. Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons. Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Berlin; Springer-Verlag (1998 a): 226-230
• 2 Andersson L.. Marantaceae. Kubitzki, K., ed. the Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IV. Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons. Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Berlin; Springer-Verlag (1998 b): 278-293
• 3 Barreiros H. S.. Novas localidades de ocorrência de Heliconia L. I (Heliconiaceae).  Bradea. (1974);  1 447-452
• 4 Boesewinkel F. D., Bouman F.. The seed: structure and function. Negbi, M. and Kigel, J., eds. Seed Development and Germination. New York; Marcel Dekker (1995): 1-24
• 5 Bouman F.. The ovule. Johri, B. M., ed. the Embryology of Angiosperms. Berlin; Springer-Verlag (1984): 123-153
• 6 Boyd L.. Monocotylous seedlings. Morphological studies in the post-seminal development of the embryo.  Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. (1932);  30 5-224
• 7 Castro C. E. F.. Helicônia Para Exportação: Aspectos Técnicos da Produção. Brasília: EMBRAPA‐SPI. (1995)
• 8 Corner E. J. H.. The Seeds of Dicotyledons. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press (1976)
• 9 Criley R. A.. Propagation of tropical cut flowers: Strelitzia, Alpinia and Heliconia.  Acta Horticulturae. (1988);  226 509-517
• 10 Criley R. A.. Propagation of Zingiberaceae and Heliconiaceae.  Revista Brasileira de Horticultura e Ornamentais. (1995);  1 14-21
• 11 Cronquist A.. An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. New York; Columbia University Press (1981)
• 12 Dahlgren R. M. T., Clifford H. T.. The Monocotyledons: A Comparative Study. London; Academic Press (1982)
• 13 Dahlgren R. M. T., Clifford H. T., Yeo P. F.. The Families of the Monocotyledons. Berlin; Springer-Verlag (1985)
• 14 Danilova M. T., Nemirovich-Dannchenko E. N., Komar G. A., Lodkina M. M.. The seed structure of monocotyledons. Rudall, P. J., Cribb, P. J., Cutler, D. F., and Humphries, C. J., eds. Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution. Kew; Royal Botanic Gardens (1995): 461-472
• 15 Davis G. L.. Systematic Embryology of the Angiosperms. New York; John Wiley & Sons (1966)
• 16 Feder N., O'Brien T. P.. Plant microtechnique: some principles and new methods.  American Journal of Botany. (1968);  55 123-142
• 17 Gatin C. L.. Recherches anatomiques sur l’embryon et la germination des Cannacées et des Musacées.  Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique Serie 9. (1908);  8 113-146
• 18 Graven P., Koster C. G., Boon J. J., Bouman F.. Structure and macromolecular composition of the seed coat of the Musaceae.  Annals of Botany. (1996);  77 105-122
• 19 Grootjen C. J.. Development of ovule and seed in Marantaceae.  Acta Botanica Neerlandica. (1983);  32 69-86
• 20 Grootjen C. J., Bouman F.. Development of the ovule and seed in Costus cuspidatus (N. E. Br.) Maas (Zingiberaceae) with special reference to the formation of the operculum.  Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. (1981);  83 27-39
• 21 Grootjen C. J., Bouman F.. Seed structure in Cannaceae: taxonomic and ecological implications.  Annals of Botany. (1988);  61 363-371
• 22 Hill A. W.. The method of germination of seeds enclosed in a stony endocarp.  Annals of Botany. (1933);  47 873-887
• 23 Hill A. W.. The method of germination of seeds enclosed in a stony endocarp. II.  Annals of Botany, N.S.,. (1937);  1 239-256
• 24 Humphrey J. E.. The development of the seed in the Scitamineae.  Annals of Botany. (1896);  10 1-40
• 25 Johansen D. A.. Plant Microtechnique. New York; McGraw-Hill Book Company (1940)
• 26 Johri B. M., Ambegaokar K. B., Srivastava P. S.. Comparative Embryology of Angiosperms. Berlin; Springer-Verlag (1992)
• 27 Kirchoff B. K.. Homeosis in the flowers of the Zingiberales.  American Journal of Botany. (1991);  78 833-837
• 28 Kirchoff B. K.. Ovary structure and anatomy in the Heliconiaceae and Musaceae (Zingiberales).  Canadian Journal of Botany. (1992);  70 2490-2508
• 29 Kress W. J.. The phylogeny and classification of the Zingiberales.  Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. (1990);  77 698-721
• 30 Kress W. J., Specht C. D.. Tropical Zingiberales: time, place and pattern of diversification. In 3rd International Conference on the Comparative Biology of the Monocotyledons (Abstracts), California: Claremont. (2003): 47
• 31 Kress W. J., Prince L. M., Hahn W. J., Zimmer E. A.. Unraveling the evolutionary radiation of the families of the Zingiberales using morphological and molecular evidence.  Systematic Biology. (2001);  50 926-944
• 32 Kronestedt E., Walles B.. Anatomy of the Strelitzia reginae flower (Strelitziaceae).  Nordic Journal of Botany. (1986);  6 307-320
• 33 Larsen K.. Lowiaceae. Kubitzki, K., ed. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IV. Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons. Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Berlin; Springer-Verlag (1998): 275-277
• 34 Liao J. P., Wu Q. G.. A preliminary study of the seed anatomy of Zingiberaceae.  Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. (2000);  134 287-300
• 35 Mangaly J. K., Sworrupanandan K.. Some aspects of the morphology of the ovule and seed of Costus malortieanus (Zingiberaceae).  Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science. (1977);  86B 175-179
• 36 Mauritzon J.. Samenbau und Embryologie einiger Scitamineen.  Lunds Universitets Arsskrift. (1936);  31 1-31
• 37 McGahan M. W.. Studies on the seed of banana. I. Anatomy of the seed and embryo of Musa balbisiana.  American Journal of Botany. (1961);  48 230-238
• 38 Mello-Filho L. E., Santos E.. Heliconiae novae brasiliensis VIII.  Bradea. (1987);  4 95-104
• 39 Montgomery R.. Propagation of Heliconia from seeds.  Bulletin of the Heliconia Society International. (1986);  1 6-7
• 40 Natesh S., Rau M. A.. The embryo. Johri, B. M., ed. The Embryology of Angiosperms. Berlin; Springer-Verlag (1984): 377-443
• 41 O'Brien T. P., Feder N., McCully M. E.. Polychromatic staining of plant cell walls by Toluidine Blue O.  Protoplasma. (1964);  59 368-373
• 42 Serrato-Valenti G., Cornara L., Modenesi P., Profumo P.. The aril of the Strelitzia reginae Banks seed: structure and histochemistry.  Annals of Botany. (1991);  67 475-478
• 43 Simão D. G., Scatena V. L.. Morphology and anatomy in Heliconia angusta Vell. and H. velloziana L. Emygd. (Zingiberales: Heliconiaceae) from the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil.  Revista Brasileira de Botânica. (2001);  24 415-424
• 44 Simão D. G., Scatena V. L.. Morphological aspects of the propagation in Heliconia velloziana L. Emygd. (Zingiberales: Heliconiaceae).  Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. (2003);  46 65-72
• 45 Simão D. G., Scatena V. L.. Morfoanatomia das brácteas em Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) ocorrentes no Estado de São Paulo.  Acta Botanica Brasilica. (2004);  18 261-270
• 46 Stiles F. G.. The natural history of Heliconia in Costa Rica (Abstract).  Bulletin of the Heliconia Society International. (1985);  1 7
• 47 Takhtajan A.. Anatomia seminum comparativa. Tomus I. Liliopsida sensu Monocotyledones. St. Petersburg; Nauka (1985): 206-235
• 48 Tillich H. J.. Seedlings and systematics in monocotyledons. Rudall, P. J, Cribb, P. J., Cutler, D. F., and Humphries, C. J., eds. Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution. Kew; Royal Botanic Gardens (1995): 303-352
• 49 Tomlinson P. B.. An anatomical approach to the classification of the Musaceae.  Journal of the Linnean Society. (1959);  55 779-809
• 50 Tomlinson P. B.. Phylogeny of the Scitamineae - morphological and anatomical considerations.  Evolution. (1962);  16 192-213

Editor: S. Renner