Literatur
         
         
            - 1 
               DiPalma J A, DeRidder P H, Orlando R C, Kolts B E, Cleveland M B. 
               A randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of the 					 safety and efficacy
               of a new polyethylene glycol laxative. 
               Am J 					 Gastroenterol. 
               2000; 
               95 
               446-450 
               
- 2 
               Enck P. 
               Biofeedback training in disordered defecation: a critical 					 review. 
               Dig Dis 					 Sci. 
               1993; 
               38 
               1953-1960 
               
- 3 
               Glia A, Lindberg G, Nilsson L H, Mihosca L, Akerlund J E. 
               Constipation assessed on the basis of colorectal 					 physiology. 
               Scand J 					 Gastroenterol. 
               1998; 
               33 
               1273-1279 
               
- 4 
               Gosselink M J, Hop W C, Schouten W R. 
               Rectal tone in response to bisacodyl in women with obstructed 					 defecation. 
               Int J Colorectal 					 Dis. 
               2000; 
               15 
               297-302 
               
- 5 
               Heaton K W, Radvan J, Cripps H, Mountford R A, Braddon F E, Hughes A O. 
               Defecation frequency and timing, and stool form in the 					 general population: a
               prospective 					 study. 
               Gut. 
               1992; 
               33 
               818-824 
               
- 6 
               He C L, Burgart L, Wang L. et al .
               Decreased interstitial cell of Cajal volume in patients with 					 slow-transit constipation. 
               Gastroenterology. 
               2000; 
               118 
               14-21 
               
- 7 
               Klauser A G, Peyerl C, Schindlbeck N E, Müller-Lissner S A. 
               Nutrition and physical activity in chronic 					 constipation. 
               Eur J Gastroent 					 Hepatol. 
               1992; 
               4 
               227-233 
               
- 8 
               Müller-Lissner S A, Fumagalli I. et al .
               Tegaserod, a 5-HT(4) receptor partial agonist, relieves 					 symptoms in irritable
               bowel syndrome patients with abdominal pain, bloating and 					 constipation. 
               Aliment Pharmacol 					 Ther. 
               2001; 
               15 
               1655-1666 
               
- 9 
               Paree P, Ferrazzi S, Thompson W G, Irvine E J, Rance L. 
               An epidemiological survey of constipation in Canada: 					 definitions, rates, demographics,
               and predictors of health care 					 seeking. 
               Am J 					 Gastroenterol. 
               2001; 
               96 
               130-137 
               
- 10 
               Probert C S, Emmett P M, Cripps H A, Heaton K W. 
               Evidence for the ambiguity of the term constipation: the role 					 of irritable bowel
               					 syndrome. 
               Gut. 
               1994; 
               35 
               1455-1458 
               
- 11 
               Ron Y, Avni Y, Lukovetsi A. et al .
               Botulinum toxin type-A in therapy of patients with 					 anismus. 
               Dis Colon 					 Rectum. 
               2001; 
               44 
               1821-1826 
               
- 12 
               Voderholzer W A, Schatke D A, Mühldorfer B E, Klauser A G, Birkner B, Müller-Lissner S A.
               
               Clinical response to dietary fiber treatment in chronic 					 constipation. 
               Am J Physiol. 
               1997; 
               92 
               95-98 
               
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Ralf-Marco Liehr
            Klinik für Innere Medizin - Gastroenterologie und 			 Diabetologie, Vivantes Humboldt-Klinikum
            
            Am Nordgraben 2
            
            13509 Berlin
            
            Phone: 030/41941051
            
            Fax: 030/41941043
            
            Email: ralf-marco.liehr@vivantes.de