Risikofaktoren und Risikoindikatoren für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen: Prognoseverbesserung als Maßstab

Zusammenfassung

Eine Reihe von Risikofakoren für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen sind etabliert: Alter, Geschlecht, Familienanamnese, Hypertonie, Diabetes, Lipidwerte und Rauchen. Bei typischer Anamnese müssen auch frühere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse und linksventrikuläre Hypertrophie in Betracht gezogen werden. Weitere neue Parameter werden kritisch betrachtet: Homocystein, CRP, psychische Belastung, körperliche Fitness, Intima-media-Dicke der Karotis, retinale Gefäßveränderungen, Koronarkalk und andere. Ihr Einsatz kann derzeit nicht als Routine empfohlen werden, da eine allgemeine Beratung zu gesunder Lebensweise ohnehin bei allen Bevölkerungsgruppen sinnvoll ist und eine Prognoseverbesserung durch Einbeziehung der neuen Parameter bisher nicht nachgewiesen wurde.

Abstract

In CVD prevention, a number of risk factors are well established: age, sex, family history, hypertension, diabetes, blood lipids and smoking. In patients with a typical history, additional risks like previous cardiovascular events or left ventricular hypertrophy are to be considered. Further new parameters are under scrutiny: homocysteine, C-reactive protein, psychological factors, physical fitness, carotid-intima-media-thickness, status of retinal vessels, coronary artery calcification, and others. As these additional risk factors at present offer no improvement in prognosis and healthy lifestyle is to be generally recommended anyway, routine use of these tests is not recommended.

Schlüsselwörter

Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen - Risikofaktoren - Prognose - Intervention - Risikoreduktion

Key words

Cardiovascular diseases - risk-factors - prognosis - intervention - risk-reduction

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