Sprachwahrnehmung und Spracherwerb im ersten Lebensjahr

Zusammenfassung

Säuglinge sind von Geburt an in der Lage, eine Vielzahl sprachlich relevanter lautlicher Eigenschaften wahrzunehmen und zu unterscheiden. Damit bringt das Neugeborene wichtige Voraussetzungen für einen raschen und effizienten Erwerb der Muttersprache mit auf die Welt. Seine hochgradige akustische Sensitivität führt dazu, dass der Säugling bereits in seinen ersten Lebensmonaten sehr spezifische Kenntnisse über die spezielle Art und die spezielle Verteilung von prosodischen und lautlichen Mustern in seiner Muttersprache erwirbt. Dabei baut das Kind nicht nur Wissen über das phonologische System auf, sondern es nutzt das erworbene Wissen auch, um seinen sprachlichen Input in linguistisch relevante Einheiten wie Wörter, Phrasen und Sätze zu gliedern. Das Auffinden solcher Einheiten ist ein wesentlicher Schritt für den Erwerb syntaktischer Eigenschaften der Zielsprache. Auf diese Weise kann das Kind Wissen in einer sprachlichen Domäne nutzen, um Wissen in einer anderen sprachlichen Domäne aufzubauen.

Abstract

There is a lot of evidence that infants are able to perceive and discriminate linguistically relevant features of the speech input from birth on. This ability supports the fast and efficient acquisition of the native language which is typical for the normal course of language learning. Being equipped with these mechanisms the infants acquire knowledge about the specific prosodic and segmental patterns appearing in the native language already during their first months of life. This does not only lead to early knowledge about the phonological system of the language but the infants uses this knowledge for the segmentation of the speech input into linguistically relevant units like words, phrases and sentences. The detection of these units is a relevant basis for the acquisition of syntactic regularities of the native language. This shows that the children have means to bootstrapp from knowledge in one linguistic domain to knowledge in other domains.

Schlüsselwörter

Frühe Sprachperzeption - Segmentierung - Spracherwerbsmechanismus

Key words

Early speech perception - segmentation - bootstrapping mechanismus

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