Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung: Kraniosynostosen sind vorzeitige Verknöcherungen der Schädelnähte. Sie kommen isoliert
und syndromal vor. Syndromale Kraniosynostosen werden in erster Linie durch Mutationen
der Fibroblastenwachstumsfaktorrezeptorgene (FGFR) 1 - 3 hervorgerufen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über isolierte und syndromale
Kraniosynostosen und kommentiert die genetischen Ergebnisse in 21 Indexfällen (19
anscheinend isolierte Kraniosynostosen, 2 Fälle mit Verdacht auf Crouzon-Syndrom)
unter Berücksichtigung der klinischen Symptomatik. Methode: In den am häufigsten betroffenen Exons der FGFR 1 - 3 wurden Mutationsanalysen an DNA-Proben aus peripheren Blutzellen und Knochenmaterial
durchgeführt, das während der chirurgischen Korrektur der Nahtsynostosen gewonnen
wurde. Ergebnisse: Im Fall einer Patientin mit isolierter einseitiger Plagiozephalie konnten wir eine
P250L (749C→T)-Mutation im FGFR3 nachweisen. Die Mutter zeigte bei der Untersuchung der Eltern geringe Symptome einer
Kraniosynostose. Die molekulargenetische Untersuchung zeigte bei ihr die gleiche Mutation
wie bei ihrer Tochter. Bei zwei Patientinnen mit Crouzon-Syndrom fanden wir zwei unterschiedliche
Mutationen am gleichen Nukleotid (1025G→A oder C). Bei 18/19 Fällen mit anscheinend
isolierten Kraniosynostosen konnte keine Mutation nachgewiesen werden. Schlussfolgerung: Im Gegensatz zu den syndromischen Formen sind die isolierten Kraniosynostosen nur
selten mit Mutationen in den FGFR assoziiert. Andererseits ist das Vorkommen weiterer Betroffener in der Familie ein
klares Anzeichen für das Vorhandensein von Mutationen der FGFR . Eine sorgfältige Untersuchung der Eltern sollte deshalb bei isolierten Kraniosynostosen
immer erfolgen, um erbliche Formen zu identifizieren.
Abstract
Purpose: Craniosynostoses are premature ossifications of cranial sutures. They occur isolated
and syndromic. Syndromic craniosynostoses are mainly associated with mutations of
the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFR) 1 - 3. This paper gives an overview of the etiology and pathophysiology of isolated
and syndromic craniosynostoses and discusses the molecular genetic results in 21 index
cases (19 seemingly isolated craniosynostoses, 2 cases with a clinical diagnosis of
Crouzon's syndrome) Method: Mutation analysis in exons of the FGFR 1 - 3 known to be preferentially affected in craniosynostoses was performed on DNA
samples from peripheral blood and bone specimen excised at the time of surgery to
correct the craniosynostosis. Results: In a girl with seemingly isolated plagiocephaly we identified a P250L (749C→T) mutation
in FGFR3 . Her mother showed minor signs of craniosynostosis when the family was re-evaluated.
She was shown to carry the same mutation. In two patients with suspected Crouzon's
syndrome 2 different mutations were detected at the same nucleotide (1025G→A or C)
and confirmed the clinical diagnosis. No mutation was found in 18/19 seemingly isolated
craniosynostosis cases. Conclusion: In contrast to syndromic forms isolated craniosynostoses are rarely associated with
mutations in FGFR . The affection of further family members is a strong indication of involvement of
FGFR mutations. Because of variable expressivity, parents should be examined carefully
in isolated craniosynostoses to identify minor signs.
Schlüsselwörter
Fibroblastenwachstumsfaktorrezeptor - Muenke-Syndrom - Crouzon-Syndrom - Kraniosynostose
- Plagiozephalie - Genetik
Key words
Fibroblast growth factor receptor - Muenke syndrome - Crouzon's syndrome - craniosynostosis
- plagiocephaly - genetics
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Dr. rer. medic. Markus Preising
Abteilung für Kinderophthalmologie, Strabismologie und Ophthalmogenetik · Klinikum
der Universität Regensburg
93042 Regensburg
Phone: + 49/941/944-9276
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