Zusammenfassung
Die Hypoglykämie ist die häufigste und schwerste Nebenwirkung der Diabetestherapie
mit Insulin oder insulinotropen Substanzen. Typische Symptome einer schweren Hypoglykämie
sind Bewusstseintrübung bis hin zum Koma. Durch eine Blutglukosebestimmung vor Ort
ist rasch eine Diagnosestellung mit der effektiven Akuttherapie durch intravenöse
Glukosezufuhr möglich; in der Regel kommt es rasch zu einer Symptombesserung. Aufgrund
der lang anhaltenden Wirkung ist bei Patienten mit schwerer Hypoglykämie unter Sulfonylharnstoffen
wegen erheblicher Rezidivgefahr eine stationäre Aufnahme und Überwachung indiziert.
Ob neuere insulinotrope Substanzen hinsichtlich der Hypoglykämiegefahr wesentlich
günstiger sind, müssen Langzeitbeobachtungen unter Alltagsbedingungen erst noch zeigen.
Summary
Hypoglycaemia is the most common and most severe side effect of the treatment of diabetes
with insulin or insulinotropic substances. Typical symptoms of severe hypoglycaemia
range from clouding of consciousness to co coma. Immediate determination of serum
sugar rapidly establishes the diagnosis, and acute treatment with intravenous glucose
can be applied; as a rule, symptoms improve rapidly. On account of the long-lasting
effect, patients experiencing severe hypoglycaemia under treatment with sulfonylurea
agents, in whom the risk of relapse is high, should be hospitalized and monitored.
The question as to whether more recent insulinotropic substances are appreciably superior
in terms of the risk of hypoglycaemia can be answered only when long-term observations
in the day-to-day setting are available.
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Anschrift für die Verfasser
Dr. med. Bernadette Reinsch
BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil
Universitätsklinik Bochum
Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1
44789 Bochum
Telefon: 02 34/3 02-0
Fax: 02 34/3 02-64 10
eMail: bernadette.reinsch@ruhr-uni-bochum.de