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Endoscopy 2002; 34(8): 617-623
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-33245
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-33245
Original Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New YorkEvaluation of Unexplained Acute and Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis Using Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography, Sphincter of Oddi Manometry and Endoscopic Ultrasound
The opinions expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not reflect those of the United States Navy, the Department of Defense, or the United States Government.Further Information
Publication History
Submitted 1 February 2001
Accepted after Revision 22 March 2002
Publication Date:
12 August 2002 (online)
Background and Study Aims: Unexplained pancreatitis represents a diagnostic challenge. The aim of this study
was to determine the diagnostic utility of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
(ERCP) with sphincter of Oddi manometry (SOM), bile analysis, and endoscopic ultrasound
(EUS) in evaluating such patients.
Patients and Methods: Of 162 patients referred for evaluation of pancreatitis, 72 with a known cause were
excluded. The remainder (n=90) was classified as having prior acute (n=24) or recurrent acute pancreatitis (n=66). Bile sampling and SOM were performed at the time of ERCP. EUS was used to assess
for tumors and for chronic pancreatitis. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by questionnaire.
Results: ERCP was successful in 88/89 patients (99 %). Manometry was successful in 63/67 patients
(94 %), and 56 patients underwent EUS. Findings were categorized into five distinct
etiologies: sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) (n=28; 31 %), pancreas divisum (n=18; 20 %), biliary (n=18; 20 %), idiopathic (n=18; 20 %) and tumor-related (n=8; 9 %). Features of moderate or severe chronic pancreatitis by EUS and ERCP criteria
were found in 18 patients (21 %); an additional nine patients had chronic pancreatitis
by EUS criteria alone. EUS identified all the tumors. The condition was improved in
96 % of all patients undergoing endoscopic therapy.
Conclusion: An etiology was identified in the majority of patients with unexplained pancreatitis.
SOD represented the most common finding. Moderate to severe chronic pancreatitis was
found in over one-fifth of these patients. Bile analysis, SOM, and EUS are useful
tools in the evaluation of unexplained acute pancreatitis.
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W. J. Coyle, M.D.
Division of Gastroenterology · Naval Medical Center
San Diego · CA 92134-3301 · USA
Fax: + 1-619-532-9620
Email: waltcoyle@aol.com