Zusammenfassung
Die Vaginalsonographie als nicht-invasive diagnostische Methode bei der Beurteilung
des Endometriums weist eine hohe diagnostische Sicherheit bei der Diagnosestellung
des Endometriumkarzinoms, der Beurteilung der myometranen Infiltrationstiefe sowie
des präoperativen Stagings auf.
Bei einer postmenopausalen Blutung mit einer doppelten Endometriumdicke ≤ 4 mm sollte
zunächst eine Kontrollsonographie in 3 Monaten durchgeführt werden. Beträgt die doppelte
Endometriumdicke mehr als 4 mm oder persistiert die Blutung, muss eine histologische
Abklärung erfolgen. Hierbei sollte die hysteroskopische Biopsie oder die diagnostische
Hysteroskopie mit nachfolgender fraktionierter Abrasio eingesetzt werden, da diese
beiden Verfahren die höchste Sensitivität und Spezifität besitzen.
Blutungsstörungen unter Hormonsubstitution sollten nicht stärker bewertet werden als
Blutungen bei Patientinnen ohne Hormonsubstitution. Nach unserem derzeitigen Kenntnisstand
wird durch die Hysteroskopie, wenn überhaupt, allenfalls tendenziell eine erhöhte
Rate an positiver Peritonealzytologie verursacht. Diese Tatsache scheint aber keinen
Einfluss auf das rezidivfreie Überleben zu haben.
Summary
The transvaginal sonography is a non invasive diagnostic method to evaluate the endometrium.
It has a high reliability in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma, in the assessment
of the depth of myometrial invasion as well as in preoperative staging.
Patients with an episode of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding and an endometrial thickness
(double layer) ≤ 4 mm should be controlled by transvaginal ultrasound examination
after 3 month. In case of a endometrial thickness > 4 mm or in case of a persistent
bleeding a histologic assessment should be obtained. Because of the highest sensitivity
and specificity a hysteroscopic biopsy or a diagnostic hysteroscopy with subsequent
D & C should be performed.
Vaginal bleeding under hormonal replacement therapy should not be regarded to have
more importance than vaginal bleeding in patients without HRT.
After the current consensus hysteroscopy causes only a slightly increase in the rate
of positive peritoneal cytology. This phenomenon seems to be of no influence on the
disease free survival rate.
Schlüsselwörter
Transvaginalsonographie - Hysteroskopie - Endometriumkarzinom - Tumorzellverschleppung
Key words
Transvaginal sonography - Hysteroscopy - Endometrial carcinoma - Tumor cell dissemination
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Dr. Th. Schmidt
Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe
Universität Köln
Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9
D-50937 Köln
Phone: +49-221-478-4929
Email: Torsten.Schmidt@medizin.uni-koeln.de