Stottern in Theorie und Forschung: Träume der Theoriebildung treffen auf die empirische Wirklichkeit des Forschungsalltags[1]

Zusammenfassung

Theorievorstellungen und Forschungsergebnisse zum Stottern aus den letzten 20 Jahren werden im vorliegenden Beitrag dem augenblicklichen Stand und möglichen zukünftigen Forschungstrends gegenübergestellt. Beginnend mit der vorherrschenden Idee der 70er bis frühen 90er Jahre, dass gestörte motorische Steuerungsabläufe das Auftreten von Stottern erklären könnten, wird die neue Sichtweise der letzten zehn Jahre diskutiert, worin linguistische Aspekte stärker in den Vordergrund treten. Parallel zu dieser Entwicklung der theoretischen Betrachtung des Stotterns werden sechs verschiedene Forschungsrichtungen verfolgt: bildgebende Verfahren der Hirnaktivität, Äußerungslänge und -komplexität, semantische Fähigkeiten, Reaktionszeit, Lautübergänge sowie Persönlichkeitsmerkmale. Es werden aber auch neu entstandene Forschungstrends erwähnt, wie zum Beispiel Verhaltensunterschiede zwischen stotternden Kindern, die einen chronischen Störungsverlauf zeigen, und solchen, deren Stottern remittiert.

Dreams of Our Theoretical Nights Meet the Realities of Our Empirical Days: Stuttering Theory and Research

The purpose of this presentation is to review the past 10 - 20 years of research and theory regarding stuttering in relationship to present zeitgeist and future directions in stuttering research and theory. Discussion begins with the theoretical perspective of the 1970's through early 1990's that an understanding (ab)normal motor process was central to an explanation of stuttering and than shifts, as does the zeitgeist of the past 10 years, from motor to linguistic accounts of stuttering. Paralleling this apparent see change in theoretical accounts of stuttering, the paper covers six different lines of inquiry, in specific: brain imaging studies, length and complexity of utterance, semantic/vocabulary abilities, reaction time, difficulties with sound to sound transitions, and temperament. Other developing lines of inquiry, for example, behavioral differences between children who exhibit recovered versus persistent stuttering, are mentioned.

Stottern - Stand der Forschung - Ausblicke

Stuttering - Knowledge at Present - Future Directions in Research and Theory

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1 Vortrag auf dem 3. Weltkongress der International Fluency Association, 7. - 11. 8. 2000, Nyborg, Dänemark, übersetzt und gekürzt von H. S. Johannsen und A. Häge unter Mitarbeit von S. Brosch und S. Gronau