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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 21(2): 0097-0106
DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-9843
Copyright © 2000 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA. Tel.: +1(212) 584-4662

Treatment of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis: Antibiotic Therapy

Antonio Anzueto
  • The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Hospital Division, San Antonio, Texas
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Publication History

Publication Date:
03 March 2004 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) is a condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Bacterial infections are the most frequent cause of exacerbations. The most common bacterial etiologies include Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumonia. The diagnosis of AECB is often based on the clinical presentation, but microbiological assessment, including Gram stain and sputum culture should be done. Antibiotic therapy should be used in patients with the following characteristics: underlying lung disease, frequent exacerbations, and comorbid conditions. Penicillins, erythromycin, β-lactamase inhibitors, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole have been the preferred antibiotics. However, because of the increasing prevalence of resistance among respiratory pathogens, mainly the production of β-lactamase by H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant S. pneumonia, new generation macrolides and fluoroquinolones should be the first line of treatment in selected patients. These drugs have increased efficacy and safety.

KEYWORD

Antibiotics - acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis - marcrolides - fluoroquinolones - cephalosporins - penicillins

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