Effects of Parental-Group Intervention on Parents' Growth Mindset and Behaviors of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common developmental disorder among school-aged children. A multimodal treatment approach is the most effective approach for ADHD children. Parent intervention group activities help parents with ADHD children develop a good mindset toward their child and help develop skills to design appropriate parenting strategies. Our objective was to study the effect of growth mindset activities on reducing behavioral problems of ADHD children and factors associated with stress among parents of children with ADHD. A randomized controlled trial was conducted and parents of ADHD children aged 7 to 15 years were divided into the experimental and the control groups. The experimental group participated in mindset and communication intervention activities for 3 hours each, while the control group received only initial knowledge and guidance. Baseline data were collected in the beginning of the trial and at 2 and 6 months after starting the trial. Fifty parents with a mean age of 40.14 ± 8.28 years were divided into two groups. After 6 months, the mean mindset scores of the experimental group were statistically significantly higher than those of the control group (p-value = 0.014) and the impulsiveness score decreased by 2.46 ± 1.19 points (p-value = 0.05). The associated factors affecting parenting stress are their own mindset and their child's rebellious behavior. Parent intervention group activities help adjusting parents' mindsets and reduce impulsive behavior in children at 6 months of the trial. A child's rebellious behavior is the best predictor of parental stress, followed by the parents mindset.

Keywords

ADHD - growth mindset - stress - parent intervention group activities

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 03. Juli 2023

Angenommen: 22. Juli 2024

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
09. Juli 2024

• References

• 1 Visser SN, Danielson ML, Bitsko RH. et al. Trends in the parent-report of health care provider-diagnosed and medicated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: United States, 2003-2011. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 53 (01) 34-46.e2
• 2 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder. 5th ed.. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013
• 3 Harpin VA. The effect of ADHD on the life of an individual, their family, and community from preschool to adult life. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90 (Suppl. 01) i2-i7
• 4 Fredriksen M, Dahl AA, Martinsen EW, Klungsoyr O, Faraone SV, Peleikis DE. Childhood and persistent ADHD symptoms associated with educational failure and long-term occupational disability in adult ADHD. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord 2014; 6 (02) 87-99
• 5 Prasad V, Brogan E, Mulvaney C, Grainge M, Stanton W, Sayal K. How effective are drug treatments for children with ADHD at improving on-task behaviour and academic achievement in the school classroom? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 22 (04) 203-216
• 6 Amiri S, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Nazari S, Ranjbar F, Abdi S. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk of injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Inj Violence Res 2017; 9 (02) 95-105
• 7 Peters K, Jackson D. Mothers' experiences of parenting a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Adv Nurs 2009; 65 (01) 62-71
• 8 Roselló B, García-Castellar R, Tárraga-Mínguez R, Mulas F. [The role played by parents in the development and learning of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]. Rev Neurol 2003; 36 (Suppl. 01) S79-S84
• 9 Lin YF, Chung HH. Parenting stress and parents' willingness to accept treatment in relation to behavioral problems of children with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder. J Nurs Res 2002; 10 (01) 43-56
• 10 Rogers MA, Wiener J, Marton I, Tannock R. Supportive and controlling parental involvement as predictors of children's academic achievement: relations to children's ADHD symptoms and parenting stress. School Ment Health 2009; 1 (02) 89-102
• 11 Anastopoulos AD, Guevremont DC, Shelton TL, DuPaul GJ. Parenting stress among families of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1992; 20 (05) 503-520
• 12 Brown O, Howcroft G, Muthen T. Resilience in families living with a child diagnosed with hyperactivity/attention deficit disorder. S Afr J Psychol 2010; 40 (03) 338-350
• 13 Maddi SR, Kahn S, Maddi KL. The effectiveness of hardiness training. Consult Psychol J 1998; 50: 78-86
• 14 Daley D, Van Der Oord S, Ferrin M. et al. Practitioner review: current best practice in the use of parent training and other behavioural interventions in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59 (09) 932-947
• 15 Dweck CS, Master A. Self-relations, self-esteem, self-care, and self-control. In: Carey WB, Crocker AC, Coleman WL, Elias ER, Feldman HM. eds. Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics. 4th ed.. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2009: 427-435. 4
• 16 Kita Y, Inoue Y. The direct/indirect association of ADHD/ODD symptoms with self-esteem, self-perception, and depression in early adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8: 137
• 17 Theule J, Wiener J, Tannock R, Jenkins JM. Parenting stress in families of children with ADHD: a meta-analysis. J Emot Behav Disord 2013; 21 (01) 3-17
• 18 Lee PC, Niew WI, Yang HJ, Chen VC, Lin KC. A meta-analysis of behavioral parent training for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Res Dev Disabil 2012; 33 (06) 2040-2049
• 19 Sudnawa K, Theeranate C, Yailaibang A. Mindsets among sixth grades student and their correlation with academic achievement and school-related happiness. Wetchasan Phaet Thahanbok 2019; 72: 256-263
• 20 Pityaratstian N. et al. ADHD screening properties of the Thai Version of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV Scale (SNAP-IV) and strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand. 2014; 59 (02) 97-110
• 21 Blackwell LS, Trzesniewski KH, Dweck CS. Implicit theories of intelligence predict achievement across an adolescent transition: a longitudinal study and an intervention. Child Dev 2007; 78 (01) 246-263
• 22 Anastopoulos AD, Shelton TL, DuPaul GJ, Guevremont DC. Parent training for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: its impact on parent functioning. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1993; 21 (05) 581-596
• 23 Zwi M, Jones H, Thorgaard C, York A, Dennis JA. Parent training interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 to 18 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 2011 (12) CD003018