A estimulação elétrica previne a atrofia muscular e a diminuição da interleucina-6 em músculos paralisados após lesão da medula espinal em ratos

Resumo

Objetivo Analisar o trofismo muscular e a de interleucina-6 no músculo bíceps braquial de ratas com lesão medular cervical incompleta tratados com estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM).

Métodos Ratas adultas foram submetidas à hemissecção da medula espinal em C5-C7 e a um protocolo de EENM de 5 semanas. O trofismo do bíceps braquial foi avaliado pela relação peso muscular/peso corporal e análise histológica. A expressão de interleucina-6 no bíceps braquial foi medida usando ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimática.

Resultados O grupo tratado com EENM apresentou preservação do trofismo muscular, assim como prevenção da redução dos níveis de interleucina-6.

Conclusão A lesão da medula espinal causa atrofia muscular e diminui a expressão de interleucina-6. Essas alterações são parcialmente prevenidas pela EENM. Os resultados sugerem um possível mecanismo de ação da EENM e ressaltam o uso clínico desta ferramenta terapêutica.

Palavras-chave

atrofia muscular - interleucina-6 - paralisia - reabilitação - terapia por estimulação elétrica - traumatismos da medula espinal

Trabalho desenvolvido na Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 23. August 2023

Angenommen: 20. Februar 2024

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
04. September 2024

• Referências

• 1 Faleiros F, Marcossi M, Ribeiro O, Tholl A, Freitas G, Riberto M. Epidemiological profile of spinal cord injury in Brazil. J Spinal Cord Med 2023; 46 (01) 75-82
• 2 Drummond MJ, Glynn EL, Lujan HL, Dicarlo SE, Rasmussen BB. Gene and protein expression associated with protein synthesis and breakdown in paraplegic skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 2008; 37 (04) 505-513
• 3 Marimuthu K, Murton AJ, Greenhaff PL. Mechanisms regulating muscle mass during disuse atrophy and rehabilitation in humans. J Appl Physiol 2011; 110 (02) 555-560
• 4 Moore CD, Craven BC, Thabane L, Papaioannou A, Adachi JD, Giangregorio LM. Does Muscle Atrophy and Fatty Infiltration Plateau or Persist in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury?. J Clin Densitom 2018; 21 (03) 329-337
• 5 Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA. Muscle as an endocrine organ: focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6. Physiol Rev 2008; 88 (04) 1379-1406
• 6 McKay BR, De Lisio M, Johnston AP. et al. Association of interleukin-6 signalling with the muscle stem cell response following muscle-lengthening contractions in humans. PLoS One 2009; 4 (06) e6027
• 7 Stigger F, Felizzola AL, Kronbauer GA, Couto GK, Achaval M, Marcuzzo S. Effects of fetal exposure to lipopolysaccharide, perinatal anoxia and sensorimotor restriction on motor skills and musculoskeletal tissue: implications for an animal model of cerebral palsy. Exp Neurol 2011; 228 (02) 183-191
• 8 Weigert C, Brodbeck K, Staiger H. et al. Palmitate, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induces the expression of interleukin-6 in human myotubes through proteasome-dependent activation of nuclear factor-kappaB. J Biol Chem 2004; 279 (23) 23942-23952
• 9 Weigert C, Hennige AM, Lehmann R. et al. Direct cross-talk of interleukin-6 and insulin signal transduction via insulin receptor substrate-1 in skeletal muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2006; 281 (11) 7060-7067
• 10 Lotta S, Scelsi R, Alfonsi E. et al. Morphometric and neurophysiological analysis of skeletal muscle in paraplegic patients with traumatic cord lesion. Paraplegia 1991; 29 (04) 247-252
• 11 Dupont-Versteegden EE, Houlé JD, Gurley CM, Peterson CA. Early changes in muscle fiber size and gene expression in response to spinal cord transection and exercise. Am J Physiol 1998; 275 (04) C1124-C1133
• 12 Otis JS, Roy RR, Edgerton VR, Talmadge RJ. Adaptations in metabolic capacity of rat soleus after paralysis. J Appl Physiol 2004; 96 (02) 584-596
• 13 Ilha J, da Cunha NB, Jaeger M. et al. Treadmill step training-induced adaptive muscular plasticity in a chronic paraplegia model. Neurosci Lett 2011; 492 (03) 170-174
• 14 do Espírito Santo CC, Secco DD, Meireles A. et al. Locomotor Treadmill Training Promotes Soleus Trophism by Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway in Paraplegic Rats. Neurochem Res 2018; 43 (06) 1258-1268
• 15 de Freitas GR, Santo CCDE, de Machado-Pereira NAMM, Bobinski F, Dos Santos ARS, Ilha J. Early Cyclical Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Improves Strength and Trophism by Akt Pathway Signaling in Partially Paralyzed Biceps Muscle After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Phys Ther 2018; 98 (03) 172-181
• 16 de Freitas GR, Szpoganicz C, Ilha J. Does Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Therapy Increase Voluntary Muscle Strength After Spinal Cord Injury? A Systematic Review. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2018; 24 (01) 6-17
• 17 Thomaz SR, Cipriano Jr G, Formiga MF. et al. Effect of electrical stimulation on muscle atrophy and spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury - a systematic review with meta-analysis. Spinal Cord 2019; 57 (04) 258-266
• 18 Butezloff MM, Zamarioli A, Maranho DA, Shimano AC. Effect of Electrical Stimulation and Vibration Therapy on Skeletal Muscle Trophism in Rats with Complete Spinal Cord Injury. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 94 (11) 950-957
• 19 Febbraio MA, Pedersen BK. Contraction-induced myokine production and release: is skeletal muscle an endocrine organ?. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2005; 33 (03) 114-119
• 20 Mondello SE, Sunshine MD, Fischedick AE, Moritz CT, Horner PJ. A Cervical Hemi-Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Model for the Investigation of Novel Therapeutics Targeting Proximal and Distal Forelimb Functional Recovery. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32 (24) 1994-2007
• 21 Hayashi N, Himi N, Nakamura-Maruyama E. et al. Improvement of motor function induced by skeletal muscle contraction in spinal cord-injured rats. Spine J 2019; 19 (06) 1094-1105
• 22 Guerci A, Lahoute C, Hébrard S. et al. Srf-dependent paracrine signals produced by myofibers control satellite cell-mediated skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Cell Metab 2012; 15 (01) 25-37
• 23 Serrano AL, Baeza-Raja B, Perdiguero E, Jardí M, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Interleukin-6 is an essential regulator of satellite cell-mediated skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Cell Metab 2008; 7 (01) 33-44
• 24 Bustamante M, Fernández-Verdejo R, Jaimovich E, Buvinic S. Electrical stimulation induces IL-6 in skeletal muscle through extracellular ATP by activating Ca(2+) signals and an IL-6 autocrine loop. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306 (08) E869-E882
• 25 Nieto-Vazquez I, Fernández-Veledo S, de Alvaro C, Lorenzo M. Dual role of interleukin-6 in regulating insulin sensitivity in murine skeletal muscle. [retracted in: Diabetes. 2020;69(11):2537] Diabetes 2008; 57 (12) 3211-3221
• 26 Misawa A, Shimada Y, Matsunaga T, Sato K. The effects of therapeutic electric stimulation on acute muscle atrophy in rats after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 82 (11) 1596-1603
• 27 Liang AP, Drazick AT, Gao H, Li Y. Skeletal muscle secretion of IL-6 is muscle type specific: Ex vivo evidence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505 (01) 146-150
• 28 Severinsen MCK, Pedersen BK. Muscle-Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines. [published correction appears in Endocr Rev 2021;42(1):97-99] Endocr Rev 2020; 41 (04) 594-609