Organinteraktion Leber und Niere

Kevin Roedl; Dominik Jarczak; Valentin Fuhrmann

doi:10.1055/s-0043-104465

DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, Table of Contents

Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2017; 142(18): 1365-1372
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-104465

Dossier

Organinteraktion Leber und Niere

Organinteraction between liver and kidney

Kevin Roedl^*

,

Dominik Jarczak^*

,

Valentin Fuhrmann

Abstract

Alterations of the kidney function can be observed often in patients with liver diseases. Different mechanisms are leading to alterations in kidney funciton in these patients. New onset of kidney function alterations in patients with acute- or chronic liver disease often leads to acute kidney injury. This Review will inform you about the most importatant clinical interactions of the kidneys and the liver.

Bei Lebererkrankungen werden oft auch die Nieren in Mitleidenschaft gezogen. Dies geschieht durch unterschiedliche Mechanismen und in verschiedenen Ausprägungen. Eine sich entwickelnde Niereninsuffizienz bei vorhandener chronischer oder akuter Lebererkrankung nimmt sehr häufig einen dramatischen Verlauf bis hin zum akuten Nierenversagen. Dieser Beitrag informiert über die wichtigsten klinischen Interaktionen zwischen Leber und Nieren.

Schlüsselwörter

Organinteraktionen - Leberzirrhose - akutes Nierenversagen - Hepatorenales Syndrom

Key words

organ interaction - liver cirrhosis - acute kidney injury - hepatorenal syndrome

Full Text

References

Literatur
1 Mehta RL, Cerda J, Burdmann EA. et al. International Society of Nephrology's 0by25 initiative for acute kidney injury (zero preventable deaths by 2025): a human rights case for nephrology. Lancet 2015; 385: 2616-2643
2 KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Suppl 2012; 2: 1-138
3 Hampel H, Bynum GD, Zamora E. et al. Risk factors for the development of renal dysfunction in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 2206-2210
4 Montoliu S, Balleste B, Planas R. et al. Incidence and prognosis of different types of functional renal failure in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 8: 616-622 quiz e680
5 Martin-Llahi M, Guevara M, Torre A. et al. Prognostic importance of the cause of renal failure in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2011; 140: 488-496 e484
6 Garcia-Tsao G, Parikh CR, Viola A. Acute kidney injury in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2008; 48: 2064-2077
7 Carvalho GC, Regis Cde A, Kalil JR. et al. Causes of renal failure in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and its impact in hospital mortality. Ann Hepatol 2012; 11: 90-95
8 Cholongitas E, Senzolo M, Patch D. et al. Cirrhotics admitted to intensive care unit: the impact of acute renal failure on mortality. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 21: 744-750
9 Krones E, Wagner M, Eller K. et al. Bile acid-induced cholemic nephropathy. Digestive Diseases 2015; 33: 367-375
10 van Slambrouck CM, Salem F, Meehan SM. et al. Bile cast nephropathy is a common pathologic finding for kidney injury associated with severe liver dysfunction. Kidney Int 2013; 84: 192-197
11 Doi K, Rabb H. Impact of acute kidney injury on distant organ function: recent findings and potential therapeutic targets. Kidney Int 2016; 89: 555-564
12 Sitprija V, Kashemsant U, Sriratanaban A. et al. Renal function in obstructive jaundice in man: cholangiocarcinoma model. Kidney Int 1990; 38: 948-955
13 Santos F, Gil-Pena H, Alvarez-Alvarez S. Renal tubular acidosis. Curr Opin Pediatr 2017; 29: 206-210
14 Haque SK, Ariceta G, Batlle D. Proximal renal tubular acidosis: a not so rare disorder of multiple etiologies. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27: 4273-4287
15 Weng Q, Li X, Ren H. et al. Membranous nephropathy associated with hepatitis C virus infection treated with corticosteroids and Ledipasvir-Sofosbuvir: a case report and review of literature. Oncotarget 2017; 8 (13) 22299-22303
16 Zampino R, Boemio A, Sagnelli C. et al. Hepatitis B virus burden in developing countries. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21: 11941-11953
17 Kupin WL. Viral-Associated GN: Hepatitis C and HIV. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016 [Epub ahead of print]
18 Kupin WL. Viral-Associated GN: Hepatitis B and Other Viral Infections. Clin J Amer Society Nephrol: CJASN 2016 [Epub ahead of print]
19 Barsoum RS, William EA, Khalil SS. Hepatitis C and kidney disease: A narrative review. J Adv Res 2017; 8: 113-130
20 Epstein M, Berk DP, Hollenberg NK. et al. Renal failure in the patient with cirrhosis. The role of active vasoconstriction. Am J Med 1970; 49: 175-185
21 Koppel MH, Coburn JW, Mims MM. et al. Transplantation of cadaveric kidneys from patients with hepatorenal syndromeß. Evidence for the functionalnature of renal failure in advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med 1969; 280: 1367-1371
22 Gines P, Schrier RW. Renal failure in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 1279-1290
23 Lenz K, Buder R, Lohr G. et al. Hepatorenal syndrome in decompensated cirrhosis: A special form of acute renal failure. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2016; 111: 440-446
24 Stadlbauer V, Wright GA, Banaji M. et al. Relationship between activation of the sympathetic nervous system and renal blood flow autoregulation in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2008; 134: 111-119
25 Lenz K, Binder M, Buder R. et al. Renal insufficiency in patients with hepatic insufficiency. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2014; 109: 240-245
26 Ming Z, Smyth DD, Lautt WW. Decreases in portal flow trigger a hepatorenal reflex to inhibit renal sodium and water excretion in rats: role of adenosine. Hepatology 2002; 35: 167-175
27 Angeli P, Gines P, Wong F. et al. Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of Ascites. Gut 2015; 64: 531-537
28 Angeli P, Rodriguez E, Piano S. et al. Acute kidney injury and acute-on-chronic liver failure classifications in prognosis assessment of patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Gut 2015; 64: 1616-1622
29 Hubener P, Braun G, Fuhrmann V. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for intensive care. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2017; 112: 444-453
30 Lenz K, Buder R, Kapun L. et al. Treatment and management of ascites and hepatorenal syndrome: an update. Ther Adv Gastroenterol 2015; 8: 83-100
31 Salerno F, Gerbes A, Gines P. et al. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. Gut 2007; 56: 1310-1318
32 Gerbes AL, Gulberg V, Sauerbruch T. et al. German S 3-guideline "ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome"]. Z Gastroenterol 2011; 49: 749-779
33 EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2010; 53: 397-417
34 Gines A, Escorsell A, Gines P. et al. Incidence, predictive factors, and prognosis of the hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis with ascites. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 229-236
35 Krag A, Bendtsen F, Henriksen JH. et al. Low cardiac output predicts development of hepatorenal syndrome and survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Gut 2010; 59: 105-110
36 Wadei HM, Mai ML, Ahsan N. et al. Hepatorenal syndrome: pathophysiology and management. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol: CJASN 2006; 1: 1066-1079
37 Lenz K, Hortnagl H, Druml W. et al. Ornipressin in the treatment of functional renal failure in decompensated liver cirrhosis. Effects on renal hemodynamics and atrial natriuretic factor. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 1060-1067
38 Martin-Llahi M, Pepin MN, Guevara M. et al. Terlipressin and albumin vs albumin in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized study. Gastroenterology 2008; 134: 1352-1359
39 Staufer K, Roedl K, Kivaranovic D. et al. Renal replacement therapy in critically ill liver cirrhotic patients – Outcome and Clinical Implications. Liver Int 2017; 37: 843-850
40 Brochard L, Abroug F, Brenner M. et al. An Official ATS/ERS/ESICM/SCCM/SRLF Statement: Prevention and Management of Acute Renal Failure in the ICU Patient: an international consensus conference in intensive care medicine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181: 1128-1155
41 European Association for the Study of the L. EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2010; 53: 397-417
42 Gustot T, Fernandez J, Garcia E. et al. Clinical Course of acute-on-chronic liver failure syndrome and effects on prognosis. Hepatology 2015; 62: 243-252
43 Mitzner SR, Stange J, Klammt S. et al. Improvement of hepatorenal syndrome with extracorporeal albumin dialysis MARS: results of a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Liver Transpl 2000; 6: 277-286
44 Rutter K, Horvatits T, Drolz A. et al. Acute liver failure. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2016 [Epub ahead of print]
45 Trey C, Davidson CS. The management of fulminant hepatic failure. Prog Liver Dis 1970; 3: 282-298
46 Lee WM, Squires Jr. RH, Nyberg SL. et al. Acute liver failure: Summary of a workshop. Hepatology 2008; 47: 1401-1415
47 Tujios SR, Hynan LS, Vazquez MA. et al. Risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury in patients with acute liver failure. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13: 352-359
48 Tujios SR, Hynan LS, Vazquez MA. et al. Risk factors and outcomes of acute kidney injury in patients with acute liver failure. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13: 352-359
49 Saliba F, Camus C, Durand F. et al. Albumin dialysis with a noncell artificial liver support device in patients with acute liver failure: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2013; 159: 522-531
50 Larsen FS, Schmidt LE, Bernsmeier C. et al. High-volume plasma exchange in patients with acute liver failure: An open randomised controlled trial. J Hepatol 2016; 64: 69-78
51 Fuhrmann V, Kneidinger N, Herkner H. et al. Hypoxic hepatitis: underlying conditions and risk factors for mortality in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35: 1397-1405
52 Fuhrmann V, Kneidinger N, Herkner H. et al. Impact of hypoxic hepatitis on mortality in the intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37: 1302-1310
53 Henrion J, Descamps O, Luwaert R. et al. Hypoxic hepatitis in patients with cardiac failure: incidence in a coronary care unit and measurement of hepatic blood flow. J Hepatol 1994; 21: 696-703
54 Henrion J, Minette P, Colin L. et al. Hypoxic hepatitis caused by acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure: a case-controlled, hemodynamic study of 17 consecutive cases. Hepatology 1999; 29: 427-433
55 Henrion J. Hypoxic hepatitis. Liver Int 2012; 32: 1039-1052
56 Fuhrmann V, Jäger B, Zubkova A. et al. Hypoxic hepatitis – epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical management. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2010; 122: 129-139
57 Drolz A, Horvatits T, Roedl K. et al. Shock liver and cholestatic liver in critically ill patients. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2014; 109: 228-234
58 Drolz A, Horvatits T, Roedl K. et al. Outcome and features of acute kidney injury complicating hypoxic hepatitis at the medical intensive care unit. Ann Intens Care 2016; 6: 61