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B&G Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport 2017; 33(02): 48-60
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-102605
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-102605
Wissenschaft
Effekte unterschiedlicher sporttherapeutischer Trainingsmethoden bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz – ein Review
Weitere Informationen
Publikationsverlauf
Eingegangen: 04. Januar 2017
Angenommen durch Review: 17. Januar 2017
Publikationsdatum:
11. April 2017 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel: Aktuell bestehen lediglich Empfehlungen für ein aerobes Ausdauertraining sowie Muskelaufbautraining für die sporttherapeutische Behandlung von Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz. Aus diesem Grund ist das Ziel dieses Reviews einen Überblick zu den sporttherapeutischen Trainingsmethoden bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz zu geben, um den aktuellen Stand der Forschung aufzuzeigen und Empfehlungen zur Therapie von Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz abzuleiten.
Methode: Hierfür wurden mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Web of Science und Scopus Studien im Zeitraum von 1991 bis April 2015 mit einer Kombination aus Schlagwörtern gesucht. Es wurden randomisierte kontrollierte Studien gesammelt, die an Land durchgeführt wurden, sich auf den Menschen und auf das körperlich-sportliche Training beziehen. Ein wichtiger Schwerpunkt bei der Aufbereitung der einzelnen Interventionen lag auf der Betrachtung der Intervention, des Belastungsprotokolls, der Eingangsdiagnostik, der Interventionsdauer sowie der Trainingsumgebung der Studien.
Ergebnis: Nach Sortierung anhand der Kriterien blieben 135 Studien zur Analyse übrig. Der Bereich der Ausdauerinterventionen ist gut untersucht. Im Bereich des Kraft-, Intervall- und Atemmuskeltraining bedarf es noch weiterer Untersuchungen. Ebenso verhält es sich bei den kombinierten Trainingsmethoden. Es fehlen in allen Bereichen Kurzzeitinterventionen (Interventionsdauer < 6 Wochen), um die Effekte auf Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen übertragen zu können.
Diskussion: Abschließend lässt sich sagen, dass im Moment die Wirkungsweisen der unterschiedlichen sporttherapeutischen Trainingsmethoden lediglich im Bereich der Ausdauerinterventionen bewertet werden können. Kraft-, Intervall- sowie inspiratorisches Atemmuskeltraining (IMT) und kombinierte Trainingsmethoden können noch nicht ausreichend beurteilt werden, da Lücken in der Quantität und Qualität bei der Durchführung der einzelnen Studien bestehen.
Summary
Effects of different sports-therapeutic training methods on patients with heart failure: A review
Background and objective: Currently there are only recommendations for an aerobic endurance training as well as muscle building training for the sport-therapeutic treatment of patients with heart failure. On this basis, it is the objective of this article to provide an overview of sport-therapeutic training methods for patients with heart failure in order to show the current state of research and derive recommendations for future therapy of the patients.
Method: This study was carried out by means of systematic literature search with a combination of specific keywords in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of science databases encompassing the period 1991 to April 2015. Randomized controlled trials were carried out on land targeting humans and the physical as well as athletic training they undergo. An important focus in the preparation of each specific intervention was the identification of the intervention itself, the stress protocol, the initial diagnosis, the duration of the intervention and the training environment of the studies.
Results: After streamlining the data on the basis of the set-out criteria, 135 studies were selected for analysis. According to the findings, endurance intervention is a topic that has been sufficiently studied. However, intervention measures such as strength, interval and respiratory muscle training require further investigations. The same applies to the combined training methods. Short-term interventions (intervention period < 6 weeks) are still lacking in all intervention areas to enable transfer of the effects to rehabilitation measures.
Discussion: Conclusively, it can be pointed out that hitherto, the effects of the different sports therapeutic training methods could only be evaluated with regard to endurance interventions. Strength, interval as well as inspiratory muscle training (IMT) and combined training methods could not be adequately assessed due to the gaps in the quantity and quality of the implementation of the available individual studies.
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