Subscribe to RSS
Download PDF
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757566
Oral Conditions as Risk Factors for Low Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among the Elderly Population in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
Objective Approximately 70% of the elderly population living in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, has a low oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aimed to identify the risk factors for low OHRQoL in the elderly population of Yogyakarta.
Materials and Methods Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S), Community Periodontal Index, Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index, and the number of natural occluding pairs (NOP) were assessed for 153 participants aged ≥ 60 years. Xerostomia, hyposalivation, and OHRQoL were also examined using Xerostomia Inventory (XI), unstimulated spitting whole saliva collecting method, and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire, respectively. OHRQoL was categorized as low, moderate, and high.
Statistical Analysis Bivariate and multivariate tests were conducted to identify the risk factors for low OHRQoL.
Results Initial analysis of characteristics of participants revealed that hyposalivation, xerostomia, periodontal pocket, high DMFT, NOP ≤ 5, poor OHI-S, and low OHRQoL were experienced by 40 (26.1%), 92 (60.1%), 39 (25.5%), 110 (71.9%), 112 (73.2%), 44 (28.8%), and 108 (70.6%) participants, respectively. Relative risk (RR) and p values for hyposalivation, xerostomia, periodontal pocket, high DMFT, NOP ≤5, and poor OHI-S were found to be at 1.573 (CI 0.681–3.637) and 0.225; 2.532 (CI 1.255–5.108) and 0.006; 0.846 (CI 0.391–1.830) and 0.606; 1.759 (CI 0.843–3.670) and 0.110; 1.133 (CI 0.522–2.461) and 0.008; and 2.723 (CI 1.293–5.734) and 0.632, respectively. Multivariate tests showed that xerostomia and NOP ≤5 had RR of 2.519 (CI 1.221–5.195) and 2.536 (CI 1.175–5.477), respectively.
Conclusions Overall, elders with xerostomia or NOP ≤ 5 had 2.5 times higher risk of having a low OHRQoL.
Publication History
Article published online:
13 December 2022
© 2022. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India
-
References
- 1 Karimi M, Brazier J. Health, health-related quality of life, and quality of life: what is the difference?. PharmacoEconomics 2016; 34 (07) 645-649
- 2 Felce D, Perry J. Quality of life: its definition and measurement. Res Dev Disabil 1995; 16 (01) 51-74
- 3 Hernández JF, Díaz FCA, Vilchis MCV. Oral health related quality of life. In: Virdi MS. ed. Emerging Trends in Oral Health Sciences and Dentistry. London: IntechOpen; 2015: 691-716
- 4 Passos JF, Kirkwood TBL. Biological and physiological aspects of aging. In: Holm-Pedersen P, Walls AWG, Ship JA. eds. Textbook of Geriatric Dentistry. 3rd ed. West Sussex: JohnWiley and Sons Ltd.; 2015: 7-15
- 5 Gil-Montoya JA, de Mello AL, Barrios R, Gonzalez-Moles MA, Bravo M. Oral health in the elderly patient and its impact on general well-being: a nonsystematic review. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10: 461-467
- 6 Holmstrup P, Reibel J, Mackenzie IC. Pathology and treatment of oral mucosal diseases. In: Holm-Pedersen P, Walls AWG, Ship JA. eds. Textbook of Geriatric Dentistry. 3rd ed. West Sussex: JohnWiley and Sons Ltd.; 2015: 225-242
- 7 Kandelman D, Petersen PE, Ueda H. Oral health, general health, and quality of life in older people. Spec Care Dentist 2008; 28 (06) 224-236
- 8 U. S. Departement of Health and Human Services. Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General. Rockville: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; 2000: 133-152
- 9 Bennadi D, Reddy CV. Oral health related quality of life. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2013; 3 (01) 1-6
- 10 Arifin EN, Ananta A. The past three population censuses: a deepening ageing population in Indonesia. In: Guilmoto CZ, Jones GW. eds. Contemporary Demographic Transformations in China, India and Indonesia. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2016: 309-323
- 11 Maylasari I, Rachmawati Y, Wilson H, Nugroho SW, Sulistyowati NP, Dewi FWR. Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia 2019. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2019. ; Accessed January 15, 2022 at: https://www.bps.go.id
- 12 Adioetomo SM, Mujahid G. Indonesia on the Threshold of Population Ageing. H. P. (UNFPA), ed. UNFPA Indonesia Monograph Series UNFPA Indonesia. 2014;1:1–10 Accessed January 15, 2022, at: https://indonesia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/BUKU_Monograph_No1_Ageing_03_Low-res.pdf
- 13 Mahendradhata Y, Trisnantoro L, Listyadewi S. et al. The Republic of Indonesia Health System Review. World Health Organization. 2017;1:1–17. Accessed January 15, 2022, at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep28452.1
- 14 Ciarrocca K, Gulati N. Geriatric oral medicine. In Glick M. ed. Burket's Oral Medicine, 12th ed. USA: People's Medical Publishing House; 2015: 653-667
- 15 Aliko A, Wolff A, Dawes C. et al. World workshop on oral medicine VI: clinical implications of medication-induced salivary gland dysfunction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 120 (02) 185-206
- 16 Barbe AG. Medication-induced xerostomia and hyposalivation in the elderly: culprits, complications, and management. Drugs Aging 2018; 35 (10) 877-885
- 17 Gil-Montoya JA, Silvestre FJ, Barrios R, Silvestre-Rangil J. Treatment of xerostomia and hyposalivation in the elderly: a systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016; 21 (03) e355-e366
- 18 Tan ECK, Lexomboon D, Sandborgh-Englund G, Haasum Y, Johnell K. Medications that cause dry mouth as an adverse effect in older people: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 66 (01) 76-84
- 19 Atchison KA, Dolan TA. Development of the geriatric oral health assessment index. J Dent Educ 1990; 54 (11) 680-687
- 20 Dawes C. How much saliva is enough for avoidance of xerostomia?. Caries Res 2004; 38 (03) 236-240
- 21 Wiener RC, Wu B, Crout R. et al. Hyposalivation and xerostomia in dentate older adults. J Am Dent Assoc 2010; 141 (03) 279-284
- 22 Cohen-Carneiro F, Souza-Santos R, Rebelo MAB. Quality of life related to oral health: contribution from social factors. Cien Saude Colet 2011; 16 (Suppl. 01) 1007-1015
- 23 Ulinski KGB, do Nascimento MA, Lima AMC. et al. Factors related to oral health-related quality of life of independent brazilian elderly. Int J Dent 2013; 2013: 705047
- 24 Villa A, Connell CL, Abati S. Diagnosis and management of xerostomia and hyposalivation. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2014; 11: 45-51
- 25 Anil S, Vellappally S, Hashem M, Preethanath RS, Patil S, Samaranayake LP. Xerostomia in geriatric patients: a burgeoning global concern. J Investig Clin Dent 2016; 7 (01) 5-12
- 26 Wolff A, Joshi RK, Ekström J. et al. A guide to medications inducing salivary gland dysfunction, xerostomia, and subjective sialorrhea: a systematic review sponsored by the World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI. Drugs R D 2017; 17 (01) 1-28
- 27 Ship JA, Pillemer SR, Baum BJ. Xerostomia and the geriatric patient. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50 (03) 535-543
- 28 Miranda-Rius J, Brunet-Llobet L, Lahor-Soler E, Farré M. Salivary secretory disorders, inducing drugs, and clinical management. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12 (10) 811-824
- 29 Pina GMS, Mota Carvalho R, Silva BSF, Almeida FT. Prevalence of hyposalivation in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gerodontology 2020; 37 (04) 317-331
- 30 Dawes C, Pedersen AM, Villa A. et al. The functions of human saliva: a review sponsored by the World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60 (06) 863-874
- 31 Saleh J, Figueiredo MA, Cherubini K, Salum FG. Salivary hypofunction: an update on aetiology, diagnosis and therapeutics. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60 (02) 242-255
- 32 Proctor GB. The physiology of salivary secretion. Periodontol 2000 2016; 70 (01) 11-25
- 33 Pedersen A, Sørensen CE, Proctor GB, Carpenter GH. Salivary functions in mastication, taste and textural perception, swallowing and initial digestion. Oral Dis 2018; 24 (08) 1399-1416
- 34 Rajesh KS, , Zareena, Hegde S, Arun Kumar MS. Assessment of salivary calcium, phosphate, magnesium, pH, and flow rate in healthy subjects, periodontitis, and dental caries. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6 (04) 461-465
- 35 Marsh PD, Do T, Beighton D, Devine DA. Influence of saliva on the oral microbiota. Periodontol 2000 2016; 70 (01) 80-92
- 36 Agustina D. Oral hygiene and number of oral mucosal lesion correlate with oral health-related quality of life in elderly communities. Dent J 2014; 47 (01) 57-61
- 37 Agustina D, Hanindriyo L, Widita E, Widyaningrum R. The correlation between occurrence of dental caries and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of elderly population in Yogyakarta Special Region. J Med Sci 2018; 50 (02) 191-200
- 38 van de Rijt LJM, Stoop CC, Weijenberg RAF. et al. The influence of oral health factors on the quality of life in older people: a systematic review. Gerontologist 2020; 60 (05) e378-e394
- 39 Locker D. Concepts of oral health, disease and the quality of life. In: Slade GL. ed. Measuring Oral Health and Quality of Life. University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill: 1997: 12-23
- 40 Allen F, Steele J. Oral health-related quality of life. In: Holm-Pedersen P, Walls AWG, Ship JA. eds. Textbook of Geriatric Dentistry. 3rd ed. West Sussex: JohnWiley and Sons Ltd.; 2015: 301-310
- 41 Petersen PE, Yamamoto T. Improving the oral health of older people: the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2005; 33 (02) 81-92
- 42 Agustina D, Chrismawaty BE, Hanindriyo L. Hyposalivation is the main risk factor for poor oral health status in Indonesian elderly. J Int Oral Health 2021; 13 (01) 60-64
- 43 Arsyad AA, Syamson MM. Analisis xerostomia terhadap kesehatan gigi dan mulut terkait kualitas hidup pada lansia di Desa Mattombong Kecamatan Mattiro Sempe Kabupaten Pinrang. Media Kesehatan Gigi 2019; 18 (01) 75-82
- 44 Gita F, Wiryasmoro T, Sagala DM, , Hendry, Hogervorst E, Kusdhany L. Oral health status and oral health-related quality of life in Indonesian elderly (analysis using the Indonesian version of the oral health assessment tool and the geriatric oral health assessment index). J Int Dent and Med Res 2017; 10: 533-539
- 45 Bannwart LC, Neto CLMM, Goiato MC. et al. Oral health-related quality of life, dry mouth sensation, and level of anxiety in elderly patients rehabilitated with new removable dentures. Eur J Dent 2022; 16 (02) 351-359
- 46 Rai S, Misra D, Misra A, Jain A, Bisla S. Impact of oral health factors on quality of life of geriatric population – a systematic review. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2021; 33: 453-465