Download PDF
Facial Plast Surg 2022; 38(03): 260-273
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739267
Original Research

Preoperative Classification System Used to Determine Release Performed during Endoscopic Brow Lift

M. Sean Freeman 
1   Solo Practice, Center for Facial Plastic and Laser Surgery, Charlotte, North Carolina
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The techniques presented in article will allow the facial plastic specialist to use the anatomy of each individual patient as a guide for the surgical release of the brow performed during endoscopic brow lift. The author presents his 15 years of experience in which he developed this approach. Five different surgical releases of the brow will be demonstrated and discussed in terms of which patients would best benefit from which release. Adopting this approach has made the predictability of the authors brow lift results much better and therefore improved patient satisfaction. This concept has not been described in the literature and the author firmly believes using a preoperative anatomical approach is a better way to approach endoscopic brow lift surgery.

Keywords

endoscopic brow lift - brow lift surgery - brow lift


Publication History

Article published online:
10 December 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

  • References

  • 1 Freeman MS. The role of endoscopy in facial plastic surgery. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996; 4: 223-230 Rapid Science Publishers.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Freeman MS, Graham III HD. Endoscopic surgery of the forehead and midface. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 1997; 5 (02) 113-132   W B Saunders Company
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Yalçınkaya E, Cingi C, Söken H, Ulusoy S, Muluk NB. Aesthetic analysis of the ideal eyebrow shape and position. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 273 (02) 305-310
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Ilankovan V. Upper face rejuvenation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 42 (04) 423-431
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Cole EA, Winn BJ, Putterman AM. Measurement of eyebrow position from inferior corneal limbus to brow: a new technique. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 26 (06) 443-447
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Knize DM. Anatomic concepts for brow lift procedures. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 124 (06) 2118-2126
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Hetzler L. “The brow and forehead in periocular rejuvenation”. Facial Plast Surg Clin 2010; 18 (03) 375-384
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Connell BF, Lambros VS, Neurohr GH. The forehead lift: techniques to avoid complications and produce optimal results. Aesthetic Plast Surg 1989; 13 (04) 217-237
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Gunter JP, Antrobus SD. Aesthetic analysis of the eyebrows. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997; 99 (07) 1808-1816
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Dao Jr H, Kazin RA. Gender differences in skin: a review of the literature. Gend Med 2007; 4 (04) 308-328
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Southwood WF. The thickness of the skin. Plast Reconstr Surg 1946; 1955 (15) 423-429
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Alexander H, Miller DL. “Determining skin thickness with pulsed ultra sound”. J Invest Dermatol 1979; 72: 9-17
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Kim JC, Crawford Downs J, Azuola ME, Devon Graham III H. Time scale for periosteal readhesion after brow lift. Laryngoscope 2004; 114 (01) 50-55
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Cho M-J, Carboy JA, Rohrich RJ. Complications in brow lifts: a systemic review of surgical and nonsurgical brow rejuvenations. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2018; 6 (10) e1943
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Morgan JM, Farrior E. Rejuvenation of the aging forehead. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2006; 14 (03) 167-173
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 De Cordier BC, de la Torre JI, Al-Hakeem MS. et al. Endoscopic forehead lift: review of technique, cases, and complications. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002; 110 (06) 1558-1568 , discussion 1569–1570
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Chadwell JB, Mangat DS. The endoscopic forehead-lift. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2006; 14 (03) 195-201   W B Saunders Company
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Ramirez OM, Robertson KM. Update in endoscopic forehead rejuvenation. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2002; 10 (01) 37-51   W B Saunders Company
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Drolet BC, Phillips BZ, Hoy EA, Chang J, Sullivan PK. Finesse in forehead and brow rejuvenation: modern concepts, including endoscopic methods. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 134 (06) 1141-1150
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar