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CC BY 4.0 · Journal of Child Science 2021; 11(01): e178-e184
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731336
Review Article

Review of Development of Live Vaccines against Leishmaniasis

Mohammad Hossein Feiz Haddad
1   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
2   Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
,
Jalal Lomei
3   Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
,
Azar Shokri
4   Vector-borne Disease Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
,
Habib Habibpour
1   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
2   Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
,
Hossein Rezvan
5   Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
,
Alireza Nourian
5   Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
,
Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi
6   Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
› Author Affiliations Funding This study was financially supported by Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (grant no. CMRC-9820).
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Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a serious public health problem in both tropical and temperate regions, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis worldwide. After recovery from the initial infection in most of the patients, a long-lasting natural immunity will be established. In individuals with HIV infection or in immune deficient patients, the more dangerous forms can occur. Despite many attempts, there is no efficient vaccine for leishmaniasis. The main concern for live-attenuated vaccines is the possibility of returning to the virulent form. Therefore, the safety is an important point in designing a successful vaccine. Nonvirulent parasites as vaccine candidates are achievable through gamma-irradiation, long-term culture, random mutations induced by chemical agents, and temperature-sensitive mutations. The type of change(s) in such parasites is not known well and drawbacks such as reversion to virulent forms was soon realized. Leishmania tarentolae with capacity of adaptation to mammalian system has a potential to be used as nonpathogenic vector in vaccine programs. Due to its nonpathogenic intrinsic property, it does not have the ability to replace with the pathogen form. Moreover, the main problems are associated with the production of live vaccines, including lyophilization, storage, standards, and quality control that must be considered. In this review, we focused on the importance of different approaches concerning the development of a live vaccine against leishmaniasis.

Keywords

Leishmania - leishmaniasis - live-attenuated - vaccine

Note

The results described in this article were part of PhD student thesis of H.H.




Publication History

Received: 29 August 2020

Accepted: 14 May 2021

Article published online:
26 June 2021

© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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