Nichtlineare Lasermikroskopie in der Ophthalmologie: Physikalische Prinzipien und wegweisende Anwendungen

Zusammenfassung

Die nichtlineare Lasermikroskopie ist ein nicht invasives bildgebendes Verfahren mit großem technologischen Potenzial und ermöglicht eine hochauflösende und kontrastierte Darstellung von Gewebe als Folge spektraler Signalseparation. Neben der Zweiphotonenfluoreszenz und der 2. Harmonischen können auch Vierwellenmischsignale für eine Bildgebung okularer Strukturen verwendet werden. Dieser Übersichtsartikel stellt die physikalischen Prinzipien der unterschiedlichen Kontrastierungsmöglichkeiten vor. Exemplarisch werden experimentelle Ergebnisse, basierend auf verschiedenen nichtlinearen Signalen gezeigt, potenzielle Möglichkeiten dieser Technologie diskutiert und die Aussicht auf eine Translation dieser Bildgebungstechnik in die klinische Anwendung angesprochen.

Abstract

Nonlinear microscopy is a non-invasive imaging technique which allows a visualization of biological tissue with high signal contrast due to spectral separation combined with high resolution. In addition to two-photon fluorescence and second harmonic signals also four-wave mixing signals can be used for imaging ocular structures. This review article presents the physical principles of different contrast mechanisms. Exemplary experimental results based on various nonlinear signals are shown, opportunities of this technology are discussed and the prospect of translating this imaging technique into a clinical application is addressed.

Schlüsselwörter

nichtlineare Mikroskopie - Zweiphotonenfluoreszenz - Höhere Harmonische - Vierwellenmischung - Kornea - Linse

Key words

nonlinear microscopy - two-photon fluorescence - higher harmonics - four-wave mixing - cornea - lens

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