CC BY 4.0 · Journal of Child Science 2019; 09(01): e68-e74
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1692987
Original Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Cephalometric and Pharyngometric Evaluation in Snoring Children with Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy Under an Orthodontic or Orthopedic Treatment

1   Department of Otolaryngology, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
,
2   Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
,
3   Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas, São Paulo, Brazil
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

11 January 2019

19 May 2019

Publication Date:
06 July 2019 (online)

Abstract

Altered craniofacial growth has been implicated in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children. The authors aimed to evaluate the cephalometric measurements and pharyngeal dimensions related to SDB in snoring children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) treated with an orthodontic and orthopedic oral appliance (OOA). Forty habitually snoring children, 6 to 9 years old with evidence of grade 3 to 4 ATH, maxillary constriction, and class II dental malocclusion were enrolled, with 24 children being treated with OOA, and 16 remaining untreated children as controls. All children underwent a cephalometric X-ray and acoustic pharyngometry for airway measurements at the start and 6 months after. Cephalometric measurements related to SDB reduced in the treated group (p < 0.01) as follows: maxillary–mandibular relationship: –2.2 ± 1.70°; maxillary–mandibular planes angle: –2.4 ± 3.80°; and hyoid bone position: –4 ± 3.8 mm (p < 0.001). OOA treatment revealed improvements in pharyngeal minimum cross-section area (MCA) (0.2 ± 0.2 cm2) and volume (V) (3.15 ± 2.5 cm3), while reductions in MCA (–0.2 ± 0.3 cm2) and in V (–1.25 ± 1.3 cm3) occurred in controls (p < 0.001 vs. OOA). Six months of OOA treatment in snoring children with SDB promotes enlargement of the pharyngeal dimensions and beneficial cephalometric changes.

 
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