Osificación heterotópica de cadera asociada a pancreatitis aguda severa – reporte de un caso

Resumen

La osificación heterotópica (OH), es la formación anormal de hueso maduro dentro de tejidos blandos extra esqueléticos donde normalmente no existe tejido óseo. Varias formas de OH han sido descritas de acuerdo a su presentación clínica, localización y ocurrencia progresiva o aislada. Su presentación en pacientes sometidos a inmovilización prolongada en el contexto de coma farmacológicamente inducido, en ausencia de lesiones del sistema nervioso central, es poco habitual. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 40 años, sexo femenino, sin antecedentes mórbidos, que presenta episodio de pancreatitis aguda grave, manejada en UCI. Producto de lo anterior, requiere coma farmacológicamente inducido por 3 meses y hospitalizaciones reiteradas y prolongadas durante los 10 meses siguientes. Durante 3 años desde la resolución de su cuadro inicial evoluciona con alteración progresiva de la marcha y rigidez de la extremidad inferior derecha, sin eventos traumáticos durante ese período. Se objetiva mediante radiografía y TAC foco de OH coxofemoral derecha. Se resuelve de forma quirúrgica y biopsia de pieza operatoria confirma el diagnóstico. La paciente logra buena recuperación posterior.

Nivel de evidencia IV

Abstract

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the abnormal formation of mature bone within extraskeletal soft tissues where bone does not exist. Various presentation of HO have been described according to the clinical settings and location of the lesions, and progressive or isolated occurrence. A rare form of presentation occurs in induced coma patients with long-term immobilization and without central nervous system injuries. We present the case of a 40 years old female patient, without previous morbidity, who develop a severe acute pancreatitis. The patient requires an intensive care unit management (ICU) and a 3-month pharmacology induced coma and reiterative and prolonged hospitalizations during the next 8 months. During 3 years after resolution of her base disease, patient develops a progressive step claudication and a hip rigidity in adduction and external rotation. A coxofemoral HO focus is confirmed by radiology and CT. A surgical treatment of HO was performed, and the initial diagnose confirmed by anatomic pathology after biopsy of the injury. Patient had a favorable outcome.

Palabras clave

osificación heterotópica - cuidados intensivos - inmovilización

Keywords

heterotopic ossification - critical care - immobilization

Centro de Referencia

Hospital Traumatológico de Concepción, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Región del Bío – Bío, Chile.

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