Download PDF
Methods Inf Med 1986; 25(01): 15-21
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1636677
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH

Some Reflections on the Evaluation of Expert Systems in Medicine

Einige Überlegungen zur Bewertung von Expertensystemen in der Medizin
M. Fieschi
1   (From the Laboratoire d’Informatique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France)
,
M. Joubert
1   (From the Laboratoire d’Informatique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France)
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
20 February 2018 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Summary

Several examples are given to underline the difficulties of evaluating expert systems in order to demonstrate that in the medical domain in particular their routine applications have not yet been developed to a great extent.

Anhand mehrerer Beispiele werden die Schwierigkeiten unterstrichen, die bei der Bewertung von Expertensystemen auftreten; es wird gezeigt, daß insbesondere im Bereich der Medizin deren Routineanwendung noch nicht sehr weit entwickelt ist.

Key-Words:

Expert Systems - Artificial Intelligence - Evaluation

Schlüssel-Wörter:

Expertensysteme - künstliche Intelligenz - Auswertung
 

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Aikins J. S. Prototypes and Production Rules: A Knowledge Representation for Computer Consultations. Technical Report Memo HPP 80-17. Stanford Heuristic Programming Project, August. 1980
    Google Scholar
  • 2 Buchanan B. G. Research on Expert Systems. Technical Report HPP 81-1. Stanford Heuristic Programming Project, February. 1981
    Google Scholar
  • 3 Clancey W. J. The Epistemology of a Rule Based Expert System: A Framework for Explanation. Art. Intell 20 1983; 215-251.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Davis R, Lenat D. Knowledge Based Systems in Artificial Intelligence. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1982
    Google Scholar
  • 5 Fagan L. M. VM: Representing Time Dependent Relations in a Medical Setting. PhD Thesis. Stanford University. 1980
    Google Scholar
  • 6 Feigenbaum E, McCorduck P. The Fifth Generation: Artificial Intelligence and Japan's Challenge to the World. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley; 1983
    Google Scholar
  • 7 Goldberger H. A. DAISY: A Model of Temporal Reasoning in Medicine. Proposal for PhD Thesis. Cambridge, MA: M. I. T, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory; 1982
    Google Scholar
  • 8 Kulikowski C. A, Ostroff J. H. Constructing an Expert Knowledge Base for Thyroid Consultation Using Generalized A. I. Techniques. In Proc. 4th Ann. Symp. Comput. Appl. in Med. Care. New York: IEEE; 1980
    Google Scholar
  • 9 Kulikowski C. A, Weiss S. M. Representation of Expert Knowledge for Consultation: The CASNET and EXPERT Projects. In Szolovits P. (Edit.) Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. (AAAS Selected Symposium, Vol.51). Boulder, CO: Westview Press; 1982
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Lindberg D. A. B, Sharp G. C, Kings-land G, Weiss S. M, Hayes P, Ueno H, Hazelwood S. E. Computer Based Rheumatology Consultant. In Lindberg D. A. B, Kaihara S. (Eds) MEDIN-FO 80. Amsterdam: North-Holland; 1980: 1311-1315.
    Google Scholar
  • 11 Miller R. A. INTERNIST-1/ CADUCEUS: Problems Facing Expert Consultant Programs. Meth. Inform. Med 23 1984; 9-14.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Patil R. S. Causal Representation of Patient Illness for Electrolyte and Acid Base Diagnosis. Technical Report TR 267. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T., Laboratory for Computer Science; 1981
    Google Scholar
  • 13 Pauker S. G, Szolovits P. Analyzing and Simulating Taking the History of the Present Illness: Context Formation. In Schneider W, Sägwall Hein A.-L. (Eds) Computational Linguistics in Medicine. Amsterdam: North-Holland; 1977: 109-118.
    Google Scholar
  • 14 Pople Jr H. E. DIALOG: A Model of Diagnosis Logic for Internal Medicine. In Proc. 4th I.J.C.A.I. Tbilissi: 1975
    Google Scholar
  • 15 Sherman H. B. A Comparative Study of Computer Aided Clinical Diagnosis of Birth Defects. Technical Report M.I.T./. LCS/TR283. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T., Laboratory for Computer Science; 1981
    Google Scholar
  • 16 Shortliffe E. H. Computer Based Medical Consultations: MYCIN. New York: Elsevier; 1976
    Google Scholar
  • 17 Shortliffe E. H. Evaluating Expert Systems. Technical Report Memo HPP 81-9. Stanford Heuristic Programming Project. 1981
    Google Scholar
  • 18 Shortliffe E. H, Scott A. C, Bischoff M. B, Campbell A. B, van Melle W, Jacobs C. D. An Expert System for Oncology Protocol Management. In Shortliffe E. H, Buchanan B. G. (Eds) Rule-Based Expert Systems. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley; 1984: 653-665.
    Google Scholar
  • 19 Szolovits P. Remarks on Scoring. (Unpublished Course Notes).
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 van Melle W. A Domain Independent System that Aids in Constructing Knowl- edge Based Consultation Programs. Technical Report Memo HPP 80-22. Stanford Heuristic Programming Project. 1980
    Google Scholar
  • 21 Weinstein M. C, Fineberg H. V, El-stein A. S, Frazier H. S, Neuhauser D, Neutra R, McNeil B. J. Clinical Decision Analysis. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders; 1980
    Google Scholar
  • 22 Yu V. L, Buchanan B. G, Shortliffe E. H, Wraith S. M, Davis R, Scott A. C, Cohen S. N. Evaluating the Performance of a Computer-based Consultant. Comput. Progr. Biomed 9 1979; 95-102.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Zadeh L. A. A Theory of Approximate Reasoning (AR). In Hayes J. E. et al (Eds) Machine Intelligence: Machine Expertise and the Human Interface. (Machine Intelligence, Vol. 9). New York: Halsted Press; 1979
    Google Scholar