Patient Scheduling — (Bibliography)

C. O. Köhler; G. Wagner; U. Wolber

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1636579

Methods of Information in Medicine, Table of Contents

Methods Inf Med 1977; 16(02): 112-115
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1636579

Original Article

Schattauer GmbH

Patient Scheduling — (Bibliography)

Authors

C. O. Köhler
G. Wagner
U. Wolber

Abstract

The entire field of information processing in medicine is today already spread out and branched to such an extent that it is no longer possible to set up a survey on relevant literature as a whole. But even in narrow parts of medical informatics it is hardly possible for the individual scientist to keep up to date with new literature. Strictly defined special bibliographies on certain topics are most helpful.

In our days, problems of optimal patient scheduling and exploitation of resources are gaining more and more importance. Scientists are working on the solution of these problems in many places.

The bibliography on »Patient Scheduling« presented here contains but a few basic theoretical papers on the problem of waiting queues which are of importance in the area of medical care. Most of the papers cited are concerned with practical approaches to a solution and describe current systems in medicine.

In listing the literature, we were assisted by Mrs. Wieland, Mr. Dusberger and Mr. Henn, in data acquisition and computer handling by Mrs. Gieß and Mr. Schlaefer. We wish to thank all those mentioned for their assistance.

Das gesamte Gebiet der Informationsverarbeitung in der Medizin ist heute schon so weit aufgefächert und verzweigt, daß eine Übersicht über das relevante Schrifttum im ganzen nicht mehr zu erstellen ist. Aber selbst in engen Teilbereichen der medizinischen Informatik ist es für den einzelnen Wissenschaftler kaum mehr möglich, einen Überblick über die neue Literatur zu behalten. Sehr hilfreich dabei sind abgegrenzte Spezialbibliographien zu bestimmten Themenkreisen.

In unserer Zeit gewinnen die Probleme einer möglichst guten Patientendurchflußsteuerung und der optimalen Ausnutzung von Resourcen mehr und mehr an Bedeutung. An vielen Orten arbeiten Wissenschaftler an der Lösung dieser Probleme.

Die hier vorgelegte Bibliographie über »Patient Scheduling« enthält nur einige wenige grundlegende theoretische Arbeiten über die Problematik der Warteschlangen, die im Bereich der medizinischen Versorgung von Belang sind. Die Mehrzahl der zitierten Arbeiten beschäftigt sich mit praktischen Lösungsansätzen und beschreibt laufende Systeme in der Medizin.

Bei der Zusammenstellung des Schrifttums waren uns Frau Wieland und die Herren Dusberger und Henn behilflich, bei der Datenerfassung und beim Computer-Handling Frau Gieß und Herr Schlaefer. Bei allen Genannten bedanken wir uns für die Hilfe.

Full Text

References

1 Acheson E. D, Feldstein M. S. Duration of Stay in Hospital for Normal Maternity Care. Brit. med. J 1964; II: 95-99.
2 Adams P, Bryant Jr J. C. Radiology: A Patient Transport-Scheduling System. Hospitals 46 1972; 72-74.
3 Andrew W. F. Visual Display Board Improves OR Scheduling. Hospitals 43 1969; 72-79.
4 Arfwidsson S. On Vaentelisteproblem vid Kirurgiska Kliniker och erfarenheter av nytt Vaentelistesystem vid Kirurgiska Kliniken II, Sahlfrenska Sjukhuset. (On the Problem of Waiting Lists in Surgical Clinics and Experience with a New Waiting List System in Surgical Clinic II, the Sahlgren Hospital). Svenska Läk.-Tidn. 61 1964: 1190-1200.
5 Bailey N. T. J. Appointment Systems in Hospital OutPatient Departments. Lancet 1952; I: 1105-1108.
6 Bailey N. T. J. A Study of Queues and Appointment Systems in Hospital Out-Patient Departments, with Special Reference of Waiting-Times. J. roy. statist. Soc., Ser. B 14 1952; 185-199.
7 Bailey N. T. J. On Queueing Processes with Bulk Service. J. roy. statist. Soc., Ser. B 16 1954; 80-87.
8 Bailey N. T. J. Queueing for Medical Care. J. roy. statist. Soc., Ser. C 03 1954; 137-145.
9 Bailey N. T. J. A Note on Equalising the Mean Waiting Times of Successive Customers in a Finite Queue. J. roy. statist. Soc., Ser. B 17 1955; 262-263.
10 Bailey N. T. J. Operational Research. In Witts L. J. (Ed.): Medical Surveys and Clinical Trials. 165-181 London—New York—Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press; 1964
11 Barnett G. O. Computers in Patient Care. New Engl. J. Med 279 1968; 1321-1327.
12 Barnett G. O, Castleiuan P. A. A Time-Sharing Computer System for Patient-Care Activities. Comput. biomed. Res 01 1967; 41-51.
13 Barnoon S, Wolfe H. Scheduling a Multiple Operating Room System: A Simulation Approach. Hlth Serv. Res 03 1968; 272-285.
14 Baron R, Rising E. J, Averill B. W. et al. The Outpatient Care Delivery System — A New Approach. 3. A Computerized Appointment System. J. Amer. Coll. Hlth Ass 20 1972; 344-350.
15 Begos S, Vallbona C, Spencer W. A, Jacobs F. M, Baker R. L. Evaluation of a System for On-Line Computer Scheduling of Patient Care Activities. Comput. biomed. Res 04 1971; 634-654.
16 Bithell J. F. Patients on the Waiting List of a London Teaching Hospital. Brit. J. prev. soc. Med 24 1970; 241-244.
17 Sister Brigid. Patient Care Improves with Scheduled Physician visits. Hospitals 43 1969; 64-65.
18 Burke P. J. The Output of Queueing System. Operat. Res 04 1956; 699-704.
19 Cederlund C. Terminund Arbeitsplanung in einem Krankenhaus in Schweden. In Datenverarbeitung und Medizin, IBM-Seminar, Bad Liebenzell 1970, S. 131–139. IBM Form K 12-1012-0.
20 Christl H. L. Erfahrungen beim Einsatz eines LP-Modells an der Deutschen Klinik für Diagnostik. In Reichertz P. L, Holthoff G. (Hrsg.): Methoden der Informatik in der Medizin, S. 63–70. Berlin—Heidelberg—New York: Springer; 1975
21 Christl H. L. Some Methods of Operations Research Applied to Patient Scheduling Problems. Med. Progr. Technol 02 1973; 19-27.
22 Colley D. G. Determining Occupancy at Various Admission Rates, Lengths of Stay. Hosp. Topics 47 1969; 37-39.
23 Connors M. M. A Stochastic Elective Admissions Scheduling Algorithm. Hlth Serv. Res 05 1970; 308-319.
24 Conway R. W, Maxwell W. E, Miller C. W. Theory of Scheduling. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley; 1973
25 Cornell S. A, Carrick A. G. Computerized Schedules and Care Plans. Nurs. Outlook 21 1973; 781-784.
26 Cronkhite Jr L. W. Computer Brings Order to Clinic Scheduling System. Hospitals 43 1969; 55-57.
27 Cronkhite L. W. Patient Location Control as a First Step toward a Total Information System. Hospitals 41 1967; 107-113.
28 Crooks J. Computer Applications in Patient Follow-up. In McLachlan G, Shegog R. A. (Eds): Computers in the Service of Medicine. Vol. l, 77-84 London—New York—Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press; 1968
29 Debenham G. A. The Systems Analysis of a Large OutPatient Department. In McLachlan G, Shegog R. A. (Eds): Computers in the Service of Medicine. Vol. 2. 3-32 London—New York—Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press; 1968
30 Downton F. Waiting Time in Bulk Service Queues. J. roy. statist. Soc., Ser. B 17 1955; 256-261.
31 Dunn R. G. Scheduling Elective Admissions. Hlth Serv. Res 02 1967; 181-215.
32 Dusberger W, Henn M. Patientendurchfiußstudie der Allgemeinen Ambulanz und der Röntgenabteilung der LudolfKrehl-Klinik Heidelberg (Medizinische Universitätsklinik). Dissertation; Universität Heidelberg: 1976
33 Dusberger W, Henn M, Köhler C. O, Meinzer H-P, Schäfer D. O. Analyse der Durchgangszeiten in Ambulanz und Röntgenabteilung einer medizinischen Klinik. In Wagner G. u, Köhler C. O. (Hrsg.): Interaktive Datenverarbeitung in der Medizin — Mensch-Maschine-Dialog, S. 331—337. Stuttgart—New York: Schattauer; 1976
34 Elfqvist B. A Patient Scheduling System. In Anderson J, Forsythe J. M. (Eds): MEDINFO 74. Vol. 1, 513-516 Amsterdam: North Holland Publ. Co; 1974
35 Eltringham D. H, Clare P. H. Waiting List Management by Computer. Management Services Division (OR). Birmingham Regional Hospital Board; 1973
36 Erat K. C, Jessiman A. G, Walker J. E. C. Application of a Time-Shared Computer to the Appointment System of a Hospital Outpatient Department. In Proceedings of the IFIP Congress, Edinburgh 1968. Amsterdam: North Holland Publ. Co. 1968
37 Ernst E. A, Lasdon L. S, Ostrander L. E, Divell S. S. Anesthesiologist Scheduling Using a Set Partitioning Algorithm. Comput. biomed. Res 06 1973; 561-569.
38 Fetter R. B, Thompson J. D. Patients’ Waiting Time and Doctors’ Idle Time in the Outpatient Setting. Hlth Serv. Res 01 1966; 66-90.
39 Fetter R. B, Thompson J. D. Simulation of Hospital Systems. Operat. Res 13 1965; 689-711.
40 Fineberg M. H. In Calculating Average Length of Patient Stay the »Right« Answer may have the Wrong Meaning. Hospitals 32 1958; 39-40.
41 Flagle C. D. Operations Research in the Health Service. Oper. Res 10 1962; 591-603.
42 Fraser B. J. Tho Organisation of a Radiology Department in a District General Hospital. Ph. D. Thesis; University of Reading: 1969
43 Friedman R. B. A Computer Program for Simulating the Patient-Physician Encounter. J. med. Educ 49 1973; 92-97.
44 Gall J. On-line Inpatient System, Registration, and Ordering for Outpatients. El Camino Hospital; Mountain View/Calif: (Typescript).
45 Gates S. J, Colborn D. K. Lowering Appointment Failures in a Neighborhood Health Center. Med. Care 14 1976; 263-267.
46 Glogow E. Why People Fail Appointments. Siglit-Sav. Rev 40 1970—71 203-210.
47 Golberg A. On Waiting. Int. J. Psycho-Anal 52 1971; 413-421.
48 Goldman J, Knappenberger H. A, Moore Jr E. W. An Evaluation of Operating Room Scheduling Policies. Hosp. Mgmt 107 1969; 40-51.
49 Gotcher S. B, Carrick J, Vallbona C, Spencer W. A, Carter R. E, Cornell S. Daily Treatment Planning with an On-Line Shared Computer System. Meth. Inform. Med 08 1969; 200-205.
50 Hansen K. E, Snider R. L. Scheduling System Shows Way to Expand X-Ray Productivity 30 per Cent. Mod. Hosp 102 1964; 110-112.
51 Harris F. T. C. Sj’stems Analysis and Hospitals. In McLachlan G, Shegog R. A. (Eds): Computers in the Service of Medicine. Vol. 2, 35-62 London—New York—Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press; 1965
52 Harris N. H. Hospital Waiting Lists. Brit. med. J 1971; IV: 554.
53 Hearn C. R, Bishop J. M. Computer Model Simulating Medical Care in Hospital. Brit. med. J 1970; III: 396-399.
54 Hetzke E, Handreg W. Statistische Untersuchungen zur Problematik der Wartezeiten, der Behandlungszeiten und der G esamtzahl der Patienten, dargestellt an neun Fachabteilungen einer PoHklinik. Z. ärztl. Fortbild. (Jena) 65 1971; 329-336.
55 Hindle A. A Simulation Approach to Surgical Scheduling. Department of Operational Research, University of Lancaster; 1970
56 Hofmann P. B, Rockart J. F. Implications of the No-show Rate for Scheduling OPD Appointments. Hosp. Progr 50 1969; 35-40.
57 Hurtado A. V, Freeborn D. K, Myers J. E. et al. Unscheduled Use of Ambulatory Care Services. Med. Care 12 1974; 498-511.
58 Iles J. D. An Answer to the Surgical Waiting-List?. Lancet 1972; II: 827-828.
59 Jansen D. G, Johnson L. E. Patients who Schedule Meetings with a State-Hospital Review Board. Psychol. Rep 36 1975; 283-286.
60 Jeans W. D, Berger S. R, Gill R. Computer Simulation Model of an X-Ray Department. Brit. med. J 1972; I: 675-679.
61 Jessiman A. G, Erat K. Automated Appointment System to Facilitate Medical-Care Management. Med. Care S 1970; 234-246.
62 Jewell W. S, Fox B. L. Decision Systems for Scheduling Elective Patients into Hospitals. Research Report HFT-64-2T. Human Factors in Technology Research Group, University of California; Berkeley: 1964
63 Johnson W. L, Rosenfeld L. S. Factors Affecting Waiting Time in Ambulatory Care Services. Hlth Serv. Res 03 1968; 286-295.
64 Jonas S. Appointment-Breaking in a General Medical Clinic. Med. Care 09 1971; 82-88.
65 Jonas S. Influence of the Weather on Appointment-Breaking in a General Medical Clinic. Med. Care 11 1973; 72-74.
66 Kaellstroem S, Lund G, Peterson H. A Planning and Scheduling System for Patient Admission to Surgical Departments. In Anderson J, Forsythe J. M. (Eds): MEDINFO 74. Vol. 1, 509-511 Amsterdam: North Holland Publ. Co; 1974
67 Kanon D. Scheduling System for X-Ray Prevents Overtaxing of Facilities. Hospitals 41 1967; 87-89.
68 Kanon D. Simulation of Waiting Line Problems in a Hospital Setting. In Anderson J, Forsythe J. M. (Eds): MEDINFO 74. Vol. 1, 503-507 Amsterdam: North Holland Publ. Co; 1974
69 Kendall D. G. Some Problems in the Theory of Queues. J. roy. statist. Soc., Ser. B 13 1951; 151-173.
70 Kendall D. G. Stochastic Processes Occurring in the Theory of Queues and their Analysis by the Method of the Imbedded Markov Chain. Ann. math. Statist 24 1953; 33S-354.
71 Kennedy T. C. S. A Computer-based Waiting List System. Medical Data Processing Symposium; Toulouse: March 1974
72 Kennedy T. C. S. A Method of Analysing Hospital Surgical Waiting Lists. Meth. Inform. Med 14 1975; 133-140.
73 Kennedy T. C. S. Waiting List System (WLS). Report No. 376A. Management Services Division. North East Metropolitan Regional Hospital Board; May 1973
74 Kennedy T. C. S, Moss N. B. A Computer Assisted Clerical System for Management of Hospital Waiting Lists. In Anderson J, Forsythe JM. (Eds): MEDINFO 74. Vol. 1, 497-502 Amsterdam: North Holland Publ. Co; 1974
75 Kidd A. H, Euphrat J. L. Why Prospective Outpatients Fail to Make oi Keep Appointments. J. clin. Psychol 27 1971; 394-395.
76 Kildea J. OR Scheduling Methods. Hospitals 44 1970; 99-101.
77 Kneist W, Lauterbacher R, Buda J. et al. Wartezeiten und Bestellsystem. Z. ges. Hyg 21 1975; 661-673.
78 Knoblauch H, Mitzscherling R. Das Bestellsystem im ambulanten Gesundheitswesen. Z. ges. Hyg 17 1971; 290-295.
79 Köhler C. O. Integriertes Krankenhaus-Informationssystem — Zielbestimmung und Rahmenmodell. Meisenheim: A. Hain; 1973
80 Köhler C. O, Meinzer H-P, Schäfer D. O. Patient Scheduling — Principles and Model. In Laudct M, Anderson J, Begon F. (Eds): Medical Data Processing. 109-116 London: Taylor and Francis; 1976
81 Kolouch F. T. Computer Shows how Patient Stays Vary. Mod. Hosp 105 1965; 130-134.
82 Lamson B. Use of Graphics, etc., Automatic Record Analysis. University of California; Los Angeles/Calif.:
83 Laue W. The Last Word in Appointment Systems. Med. Econ 1971; June 7, 96-101.
84 Lausen A. Aftalesystem i et ambulatorium. (Appointment Schedule in an Outpatient Department.). Ugeskr. Laeg 130 1968; 1449-1450.
85 Layton D. Appointment System. University of Texas, Medical Branch; Galveston/Texas.:
86 Lazo E. H. Appointment Book: Growth by Greater Availability and Proper Scheduling. J. Amer. Podiatry Ass 64 1974; 730-734.
87 Leaverton L. E. The Appointment System — Key to Time-Management. J. Iowa med. Soc 59 1969; 850.
88 Leaverton L. E. Improved Appointment Scheduling can Increase Productive Time. J. Iowa med. Soc 62 1972; 511.
89 Ltndley D. V. The Theory of Queues with a Single Server. Proc. Cambr. Phil. Soc 4S 1952; 277-293.
90 London M. Know Your O. R. Vacancy Rate to Improve Surgical Scheduling. Mod. Hosp 103 1964; 110-114.
91 Luckman J. Planning for Better Use of Hospital Resource. In Abrams M. E. (Ed.): Spectrum 71. A Conference on Medical Computing. 97-103 London: Butterworths; 1972
92 MacPhail A. N, Bradshaw D. B. Delayed in Hospital. Lancet 1967; II: 89-91.
93 McCorkle L. P. Utilisation of Facilities of a University Hospital: Length of Inpatient Stay in Various Hospital Departments. Hlth Serv. Res 01 1966; 91-114.
94 McLachlan G, Shegog R. A. (Eds): Computers in the Service of Medicine, Vol. 1 mid 2. London—New York—Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press; 1968
95 Mitchell M. B, Gautreau F. Appointment Scheduling. Hospitals 44 1970; 58-59
96 Morgan D. M. Improved Scheduling through Block Booking. Canad. Hosp 50 1973; 41.
97 Morris D, Hall G. A, Handyside A. J. Admissions from Surgical Waiting Lists. Brit. J. prev. soc. Med 23 1969; 233-240.
98 Morrish A. R, O’Connor A. R. Scheduling. Hospitals 44 1970; 67-71.
99 Motil K. J. Broken Appointments in the Pediatric Outpatient Department — The Western Pennsylvania Hospital, July 1-July 31, 1970. Woman Physician. 26 1971: 244-250.
100 Mttdrow W. J. Ein Bedienungssystem mit »ungeduldigen« Kunden und variabler, linear von der Wartezeit des Kunden abhängiger Abfertigungszeit. Probleme der Kybernetik, Bd. 5. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag; 1964
101 Murray D. J. Computer Makes the Schedules for Nurses. Mod. Hosp 117 1971; 104-105.
102 Myers R, Slee V. N. How to Make Length of Stay Make Sense. Mod. Hosp 93 1959; 91-99.
103 Nuffield Provincial Hospital Trust: Studies in the Functions and Design of Hospital. 31-55 London—New York—Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press; 1951
104 Nuffield Provincial Hospital Trust: Towards a Clearer View; the Organization of Diagnostic X-Ray Department. London—New York—Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press; 1962
105 Nummi P. Upploesning av en Kirurgisk koe. (Elimination of a Surgical Waiting List.) Nord. Med SS 1973; 14-15.
106 Ohrt W. Patientenbestellsysteme in ambulanten Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens. Z. ärztl. Fortbild. (Jena) 6S 1974; 308-312.
107 Ohrt W. Studie über ein optimales Patienten-Bestellsystem für die Betriebspoliklinik des VEB Volkswerft Stralsund. Z. ärztl. Fortbild. (Jena) 64 1970; 1165-1171.
108 Ohrt W. Wartezeiten in ambulanten Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens. Z. ärztl. Fortbild. (Jena) 66 1972; 30-35.
109 Olen R. D. Advantages of a Pre-Admission System. Hosp. Progr 45 1964; 81.
110 Pae D. J. Organizing Outpatients to Cure Clinic Chaos. Med. Rec. News 3S 1967; 117-121.
111 Paulson I. S. A Mechanized Appointment System for Outpatient Clinics. Hospitals 40 1966; 80-88.
112 Pedersen P. E. Ventetidssystem ved radium-stationens ambulatorium, Odense Sygehus. (Appointment System in the Radium Station Outpatient Clinic, Odense Hospital.). Ugeskr. Laeg 132 1970; 2044-2046.
113 Phoenix C. J. Waiting List Management and Admission Scheduling. In Abrams M. E. (Ed.): Spectrum 71. A Conference on Medical Computing. 75-85 London: Butterwortlis; 1972
114 Pike M. C. Some Numerical Results for the Queueing System D/Ek/1. J. roy. statist. Soc., Ser. B 25 1963; 477-488.
115 Pike M. C. Waiting in Hospital Outpatient and Casualty Departments. Ph. D. Thesis; University of Aberdeen: 1963
116 Prock V. N. Effects of Institutionalization: A Comparison of Community, Waiting List, and Institutionalized Aged Persons. Amer. J. publ. Hlth 59 1969; 1837-1844.
117 Revenaugh R. P. The Appointment System — Tool or Terror. Illinois med. J 139 1971; 190-191.
118 Revesz G, Shea F. J. Reducing Patient Delays in a Diagnostic Radiology Department. Analysis by Simulation Techniques. Invest. Radiol S 1973; 396-401.
119 Robinson G. H. Hospital Admission Scheduling Control. Report No. HFT-65-4. Human Factors in Technology Research Group, University of California; Berkeley: 1965
120 Robinson G. H, Wing P, Davis L. E. Computer Simulation of Hospital Patient Scheduling Systems. Hlth Serv. Res 03 1965; 130-141.
121 Rockart J. F, Herzog E. L. A Predictive Model for Ambulatory Patient Service Time. Med. Care 12 1974; 512-519.
122 Rockart J. F, Hofmann P. B. Physician and Patient Behavior under Different Scheduling Systems in a Hospital Outpatient Department. Med. Care 07 1969; 463-470.
123 Rosenblut A, Jonas S, Wassertheil S. OPD Waiting Time Reduced by Use of Individual Appointment System. Hosp. Topics 50 1972; 4S-52.
124 Rossiter C. E, Reynolds J. A. Automatic Monitoring of the Time Waited in Outpatient Departments. Med. Care 01 1963; 218-225.
125 Rudstroem P. Om Vaentelista ocli tomhaeddtid som matt pa Klinikens Kapacitet. (On the Waiting List and Periods with Vacant Beds as a Measure of the Clinics Capacity.). Svenska Läk.-Tidn. 60 1963: 3851-3863.
126 Salmond G. C, O’Connor E. M. General Surgical Waiting Lists and the Management of Varicose Veins. N. Z. med. J 7S 1973; 394-400.
127 Saunders J, Snaith A. H. A Computer-based Cervical Cytology Service. Brit. J. prev. soc. Med 24 1970; 65.
128 Saynisch F. Untersuchungen zum Bestellsystem. Z. ärztl. Fortbild. (Jena) 61 1967; 1313-1316.
129 Shepard D. S, Moseley TA. Mailed versus Telephoned Appointment Reminders to Reduce Broken Appointments in a Hospital Outpatient Department. Med. Care 14 1976; 268-273.
130 Singer M. E, Rossfeld J. E, Van Hall M. C. Centralized Appointment System Reduces Patients’ Waiting Time. Hospitals 50 1976; 151-152 5154, 156.
131 Small J. E, Williams W. L. Radiology: Scheduling System Reduces Waiting Times. Hospitals 47 1973; 70-78.
132 Snitker G. Ventetid — tradition eller nodvendighed?. (Waiting Time. Tradition or Necessity?). Ugeskr. Laeg 131 1969; 711-718.
133 Soriano A. Comparison of two Scheduling Systems. Operat. Res 14 1966; 388-397.
134 Soriano A. On the Problem of Batch Arrivals and its Application to a Scheduling System. Operat. Res 14 1966; 398-408.
135 Spencer W. A, Vallbona C, Geddes C. A. Requirements and Applications of Automation in Hospital Functions. J. chron. Dis 17 1964; 469-481.
136 Swartzman G. The Patient Arrival Process in Hospitals: Statistical Analysis. Hlth Serv. Res 05 1970; 320-329.
137 Staller I. Go to Bed First, Get »Admitted« Later. Mod. Hosp 112 1969; 68-76.
138 Stewart J. T. Surgical Specialties Affect Scheduling. Hospitals 45 1971; 132-136.
139 Stuart R. B, Peterson A. G, Fairfield L. D. A Comparative Study of Patient Scheduling Systems for Army Sick Call. Milit. Med 141 1976; 39-40.
140 Tatham P. H. Experience with an Appointment System in a Casualty Department. Lancet 1966; I: 1201-1203.
141 Thompson W. D. How to Determine Priority for Admissions. Hosp. Mgmt 97 1964; 157.
142 Tsien K. C. The Application of Automatic Computing Machines to Radiation Treatment Planning. Brit. J. Radiol 28 1955; 432-439.
143 Turner D. P. The Surgical Waiting List. Lancet 1972; II: 180-181.
144 Villegas E. L. Outpatient Appointment System Saves Time for Patients and Doctors. Hospitals 41 1967; 52-57.
145 Volbeeg O. Problème de la queue stationnaire et nonstationnaire. Doklady Akad. Nauk USSR 24 1939; 657-661.
146 Walter S. D. A Comparison of Appointment Scheduler in a Hospital Radiology Department. Brit. J. prev. soc. Med 27 1973; 160-167.
147 Walter S. D. A Statistical Investigation of Procedure in Hospital Clinics. Ph. D. Thesis; University of Edinburgh: 1972
148 Weiss B, Laties V. G. Reinforcement Schedule Generated by an On-line Digital Computer. Science 14S 1965; 658-661.
149 Weissman I. O. Waiting List is Poor Excuse for Expansion. Mod. Hosp 104 1965; 121-124.
150 Welch J. D, Bailey N. T. J. Appointment Systems in Hospital Outpatient Departments. Lancet 1952; 01: 1105-1108.
151 Welch J. D. Some Research into the Organization and Design of Hospital Out-Patient Departments. J. roy. san. Inst 72 1952; 298-315.
152 White M. J. B, Pike M. C. Appointment Systems in Outpatients’ Clinics and the Effect of Patients’ Unpunctuality. Med. Care 02 1964; 133-145.
153 Whitston C. W. An Analysis of the Problems of Scheduling Surgery. Hosp. Mgmt 99 1965; 58-62.
154 Wing P. Automated System for Scheduling Admissions. Hosj). Mgmt 104 1967; 53-56.
155 Wing P, Robinson G. H. Computer Programs for Simulating Hospital Scheduling Systems. Report No. HFT-66-1. Human Factors in Technology Research Group, University of California; Berkeley: 1966
156 Wochnik M. Beitrag zu methodischen Problemen der Wartezeitenstudien. Z. ärztl. Fortbild. (Jena) 66 1972; 525-529.
157 Wochnik M. Wartezeitenstudie einer Poliklinik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Methoden. Dtsch. Gesundh.-Wes 23 1968; 1095-1100.
158 Wood C. T, Lasiontagne A. Computer Assists Advance Bed Bookings. Hospitals 43 1969; 67-69.
159 Young J. P. A Conceptual Framework for Hospital Administrative Decision Systems. Hlth Serv. Res 03 1968; 79-95.
160 Young J. P. Stabilization of Inpatient Bed Occupancy through Control of Admissions. HospitaL 39 1965; 41-48.
161 Anon Hospital Waiting Lists. Brit. med. J 1971; IV: 747.
162 Anon Why are we Waiting?. Lancet 1973; II: 488-489.
163 Anon Surgical Suite: Streamline Scheduling System. Hospitals 4S 1974; 87-89.