Die Demodikose des Hundes

Zusammenfassung:

Die Demodikose des Hundes ist eine relativ häufige Hauterkrankung des Hundes, verursacht durch eine übermäßige Vermehrung der obligat in der Haut des Hundes lebenden Demodex-Milben. Bei rechtzeitiger und richtiger Diagnosestellung gibt es wirksame Behandlungsmethoden. Durch unzureichende Therapie hingegen kann sich die generalisierte Demodikose zu einer lebensbedrohlichen Krankheit entwickeln. Für eine erfolgreiche Therapie ist zunächst eine gesicherte Diagnose anhand von tiefen Hautgeschabseln Voraussetzung. Medikamente der Wahl gegen die Demodikose sind in Deutschland momentan Moxidectin und Amitraz, nach Umwidmung auch Ivermectin oder Milbemycinoxim. Neben Behandlung der DemodexMilben ist eine Behandlung und Kontrolle möglicher bakterieller Sekundärinfektionen wichtig. Diese werden entweder mit empirischer Antibiotikatherapie oder nach bakteriologischer Untersuchung und Antibiotikaresistenztest behandelt. Auch regelmäßige Kontrolluntersuchungen sind ausschlaggebend für den Behandlungserfolg. Eine Therapiedauer von vier bis acht Wochen nach mikroskopischer und klinischer Remission minimiert die Rezidivgefahr. Dieser Artikel liefert dem praktischen Tierarzt einen Überblick über Pathogenese, Klinik, Diagnose und die aktuellen Therapiemöglichkeiten der kaninen generalisierten Demodikose.

Summary

Generalized canine demodicosis is a common skin disease in small animal practice. It is caused by a proliferation of Demodex mites in the skin. Diagnosis is made by deep skin scrapings or trichograms. If the diagnosis is missed or treatment is ineffective, generalized canine demodicosis can develop into a severe life-threatening disease. Drugs registered for the treatment of generalised canine demodicosis in Germany are moxidectin and amitraz. Ivermectin or milbemycin oxime are efficaceous off-label therapies. In addition to miticidal treatment, antimicrobial therapy to control secondary infections is essential and may be empirical or based on culture and sensitivity testing. Regular examinations are needed to monitor patients. A sufficient length of treatment until four to eight weeks after microscopic and clinical cure will minimise the chance of recurrence. This article reviews the pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment options of generalised canine demodicosis.

Schlüsselwörter

Demodikose - Hund - Amitraz - Moxidectin - Ivermectin - Milbemycinoxim

Key words

Demodicosis - dog - amitraz - moxidectin - ivermectin - milbemycin oxime

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