Validation of the Modified Surgeon Periorbital Rating of Edema and Ecchymosis (SPREE) Questionnaire: A Prospective Analysis of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Procedures

Jeremie D. Oliver; Deanna Menapace; Ahmed Younes; Chelsey Recker; Grant Hamilton; Oren Friedman

doi:10.1055/s-0037-1615282

Facial Plastic Surgery, Table of Contents

Facial Plast Surg 2018; 34(01): 095-101
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1615282

Rapid Communication

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Validation of the Modified Surgeon Periorbital Rating of Edema and Ecchymosis (SPREE) Questionnaire: A Prospective Analysis of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Procedures

Jeremie D. Oliver

²Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota

,

Deanna Menapace

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

,

Ahmed Younes

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

,

Chelsey Recker

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

,

Grant Hamilton

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

,

Oren Friedman

³Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Although periorbital edema and ecchymosis are commonly encountered after facial plastic and reconstructive surgery procedures, there is currently no validated grading scale to qualify these findings. In this study, the modified “Surgeon Periorbital Rating of Edema and Ecchymosis (SPREE)” questionnaire is used as a grading scale for patients undergoing facial plastic surgery procedures. This article aims to validate a uniform grading scale for periorbital edema and ecchymosis using the modified SPREE questionnaire in the postoperative period. This is a prospective study including 82 patients at two different routine postoperative visits (second and seventh postoperative days), wherein the staff and resident physicians, physician assistants (PAs), patients, and any accompanying adults were asked to use the modified SPREE questionnaire to score edema and ecchymosis of each eye of the patient who had undergone a plastic surgery procedure. Interrater and intrarater agreements were then examined. Cohen's kappa coefficient was calculated to measure intrarater and interrater agreement between health care professionals (staff physicians and resident physicians); staff physicians and PAs; and staff physicians, patients, and accompanying adults. Good to excellent agreement was identified between staff physicians and resident physicians as well as between staff physicians and PAs. There was, however, poor agreement between staff physicians, patients, and accompanying adults. In addition, excellent agreement was found for intraobserver reliability during same-day visits. The modified SPREE questionnaire is a validated grading system for use by health care professionals to reliably rate periorbital edema and ecchymosis in the postoperative period. Validation of the modified SPREE questionnaire may improve ubiquity in medical literature reporting and related outcomes reporting in future.

Keywords

edema - ecchymosis - periorbital - facial plastic surgery - reconstruction - rhinoplasty - browlift - facelift - blepharoplasty - facial fracture

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References

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