Abstract
Neurosarcoidosis is an uncommon but clinically significant manifestation that will
be routinely encountered in sarcoidosis specialty clinics. Overall, neurologic involvement
is recognized in 5 to 10% of individuals with sarcoidosis. Neurologic symptoms will
be the presenting manifestation of sarcoidosis in approximately one-half of those
with neurosarcoidosis. The clinical and imaging features of neurosarcoidosis vary
widely, largely depending on the anatomic distribution of the disease. The likelihood
of spontaneous resolution is lower than for sarcoidosis in general, and residual functional
deficits are not uncommon. Therefore, most patients with neurosarcoidosis require
immunosuppressive therapy. Small fiber neuropathy, a recently recognized nongranulomatous
parasarcoidosis syndrome, is prevalent in chronic sarcoidosis. The variety of neurologic
manifestations, broad differential diagnosis, and complexity of management render
neurosarcoidosis an area best served by multidisciplinary teams. Sarcoidologists,
neurologists, radiologists, neurosurgeons, endocrinologists, urologists, physiatrists,
and physical/occupational therapists all potentially have important roles.
Keywords
neurosarcoidosis - granuloma - meningitis - myelopathy - central nervous system -
neuropathy - cranial nerve
