Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Journal of Child Science 2017; 07(01): e38-e41
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603893
Review Article
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Follow-up of Newborns, Infants, and Children with Sepsis

P. Dahlem
1   Department of Pediatrics, Medical Centre Coburg, Academic Hospital of the University of Split, Coburg, Germany
,
P. Biggar
2   Department of Nephrology, Medical Centre Coburg, Academic Hospital of the University of Split, Coburg, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

16 February 2017

22 March 2017

Publication Date:
26 July 2017 (online)

   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Mortality in newborn infants and children with sepsis is high with survival rates of generally more than 50% in recent studies. Longitudinal follow-up studies have the potential to reveal short-term and lifelong physical, mental, and psychological sequelae. Although no comprehensive follow-up research has yet been performed, a small number of follow-up studies have shown that there is a considerable impact on the patients' lives and their families after hospital discharge. Health-related quality of life also seems to be affected; however, it does not correlate with severity of sepsis or handicap per se. Prematurely born infants, who can develop sequelae directly attributable to prematurity and its consequences, suffer differently from sepsis-related lifelong sequelae compared with older children. Fortunately, time may heal some wounds due to the effect of growth in children. In future, large centers should establish structural follow-up programs for clinical and research purposes to learn more about the needs of affected children and their families.

Keywords

sepsis - septic shock - follow-up - newborn infants - children - review
 

  • References

  • 1 Menon K, McNally JD, Zimmerman JJ. , et al. Primary outcome measures in pediatric septic shock trials: a systematic review. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2017; 18 (03) e146-e154
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA. , et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics 2002; 110 (2, Pt 1): 285-291
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA. , et al. Changes in pathogens causing early-onset sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants. N Engl J Med 2002; 347 (04) 240-247
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Wheater M, Rennie JM. Perinatal infection is an important risk factor for cerebral palsy in very-low-birthweight infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 2000; 42 (06) 364-367
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Schlapbach LJ, Aebischer M, Adams M. , et al; Swiss Neonatal Network and Follow-Up Group. Impact of sepsis on neurodevelopmental outcome in a Swiss National Cohort of extremely premature infants. Pediatrics 2011; 128 (02) e348-e357
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Bayley N. Manual for the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1993
    Google Scholar
  • 7 Voss W, Hobbiebrunken E, Ungermann U, Wagner M, Damm G. The development of extremely premature infants. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016; 113 (51–52): 871-878
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 van der Ree M, Tanis JC, Van Braeckel KN, Bos AF, Roze E. Functional impairments at school age of preterm born children with late-onset sepsis. Early Hum Dev 2011; 87 (12) 821-826
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Knoester H, Grootenhuis MA, Bos AP. Outcome of paediatric intensive care survivors. Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166 (11) 1119-1128
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Knoester H, Bronner MB, Bos AP. Surviving pediatric intensive care: physical outcome after 3 months. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34 (06) 1076-1082
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Knoester H, Bronner MB, Bos AP, Grootenhuis MA. Quality of life in children three and nine months after discharge from a paediatric intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2008; 6: 21 . Doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-6-21
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Buysse CM, Vermunt LC, Raat H. , et al. Surviving meningococcal septic shock in childhood: long-term overall outcome and the effect on health-related quality of life. Crit Care 2010; 14 (03) R124 . Doi: 10.1186/cc9087
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Theilen U, Wilson L, Wilson G, Beattie JO, Qureshi S, Simpson D. ; Guideline Development Group. Management of invasive meningococcal disease in children and young people: summary of SIGN guidelines. BMJ 2008; 336 (7657): 1367-1370
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Hart CA, Thomson AP. Meningococcal disease and its management in children. BMJ 2006; 333 (7570): 685-690
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Buysse CM, Raat H, Hazelzet JA, Hop WC, Maliepaard M, Joosten KF. Surviving meningococcal septic shock: health consequences and quality of life in children and their parents up to 2 years after pediatric intensive care unit discharge. Crit Care Med 2008; 36 (02) 596-602
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Buysse CM, Raat H, Hazelzet JA. , et al. Long-term health status in childhood survivors of meningococcal septic shock. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008; 162 (11) 1036-1041
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Vermunt LC, Buysse CM, Joosten KF. , et al. Survivors of septic shock caused by Neisseria meningitidis in childhood: psychosocial outcomes in young adulthood. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2011; 12 (06) e302-e309
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Slack R, Hawkins KC, Gilhooley L, Addison GM, Lewis MA, Webb NJ. Long-term outcome of meningococcal sepsis-associated acute renal failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2005; 6 (04) 477-479
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Rudiger A, Singer M. Mechanisms of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Crit Care Med 2007; 35 (06) 1599-1608
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Knoester H, Sol JJ, Ramsodit P, Kuipers IM, Clur SA, Bos AP. Cardiac function in pediatric septic shock survivors. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008; 162 (12) 1164-1168
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Park DH, Bradish CF. The management of the orthopaedic sequelae of meningococcal septicaemia: patients treated to skeletal maturity. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2011; 93 (07) 984-989
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Als LC, Nadel S, Cooper M, Pierce CM, Sahakian BJ, Garralda ME. Neuropsychologic function three to six months following admission to the PICU with meningoencephalitis, sepsis, and other disorders: a prospective study of school-aged children. Crit Care Med 2013; 41 (04) 1094-1103
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Alqahtani MF, Smith CM, Weiss SL, Dawson S, Ralay Ranaivo H, Wainwright MS. Evaluation of new diagnostic biomarkers in pediatric sepsis: matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide, and adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein. PLoS One 2016; 11 (04) e0153645 . Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153645
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Gasparini R, Mennini FS, Panatto D. , et al. How can the results of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) evaluations applied to vaccinations be communicated to decision-makers and stakeholders? The ISPOR Rome Chapter Project. J Prev Med Hyg 2015; 56 (04) E150-E154
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Paireau JC, Broutin H, Grenfell B, Basta NE. Global trends in seasonal dynamics of bacterial meningitis: a time-series analysis. 20th International Pathogenic Neisseria Conference, September 4–9. Manchester, United Kingdom; 2016:109
    PubMedGoogle Scholar