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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37(06): 855-867
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592126
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Sub-Saharan Africa

Stephen J. Aston
1   Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
,
Jamie Rylance
2   Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
13 December 2016 (online)

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Abstract

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in sub-Saharan Africa is a common cause of adult hospitalization and is associated with significant mortality. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in the region leads to differences in CAP epidemiology compared with most high-income settings: patients are younger, and coinfection with tuberculosis and opportunistic infections is common and difficult to diagnose. Resource limitations affect the availability of medical expertise as well as radiological and laboratory diagnostic services. These factors impact on key aspects of health care, including pathways of investigation, severity assessment, and the selection of empirical antimicrobial therapy. This review summarizes recent data from sub-Saharan Africa describing the burden, etiology, risk factors, and outcome of CAP. We describe the rational and context-appropriate approach to CAP diagnosis and management, including supportive therapy. Priorities for future research to inform strategies for CAP prevention and initial management are suggested.

Keywords

community-acquired pneumonia - sub-Saharan Africa - tuberculosis - HIV
 

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