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Deutsche Zeitschrift für Onkologie 2014; 46(04): 167-174
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1357707
Forschung
© Karl F. Haug Verlag in MVS Medizinverlage Stuttgart GmbH & Co. KG

Rund und gesund? − Der Beitrag von Übergewicht zur Krebsentstehung und Implikationen für die Therapie

Maria Rohm
,
Stephan Herzig
,
Tobias Schafmeier
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
08 January 2015 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten stark zugenommen und betrifft heute weltweit mehr als 1,5 Milliarden Menschen [23]. Ein erhöhter Body Mass Index (BMI) ist seit Langem als Risikofaktor für die Entstehung kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen und Typ-2-Diabetes anerkannt. Innerhalb der letzten zehn Jahre wurde jedoch auch zunehmend ein Zusammenhang zwischen Übergewicht und Krebsentstehung sowie einer schlechteren Prognose im Verlauf einer Krebserkrankung bei Übergewicht festgestellt. Im Folgenden werden epidemiologische Nachweise dieses Zusammenhangs sowie mögliche Mechanismen des Zusammenspiels von Adipositas und Krebsentstehung dargestellt. Darüber hinaus gibt dieser Artikel einen Überblick über Therapie- und Präventionsstrategien, welche die metabolischen Ursachen von Krebserkrankungen adressieren.

Summary

Obesity is now affecting more than 1.5 billion people worldwide and is known to represent a major health threat due to the development of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. In the last decade, evidence is increasing that obesity is also involved in the development of cancer. In this review we discuss the existing interlinks and potential implications for cancer therapy. Hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity and metaflammation are known consequences of obesity and have also been shown to promote tumor growth by common pathways. The most convincing evidence exists for the association between obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer, colon and rectal cancer, esophagus cancer, kidney cancer, endometrial cancer and pancreatic cancer. Diabetes may be an independent risk factor. In addition, obesity also increases the cancer mortality. Maintaining a healthy body weight throughout the whole life, regular exercise and a healthy diet therefore reduce the risk of cancer incidence and progression. Novel treatment strategies targeting the interaction sites between metabolic disease and cancer may include the use of chemoprotective phytochemicals, non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs or glucose lowering agents such as metformin.

Schlüsselwörter

Übergewicht - Adipositas - Diabetes - Metaflammation - Krebs

Keywords

Overweight - Obesity - Diabetes - Metaflammation - Cancer
 

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