Abstract
Introduction Given the morbidity caused by facial nerve paralysis, there have been consistent
approaches to treatment over the past 20 years in reanimation of the facial nerve.
Treatment depends on accurate clinical examination, a good understanding of the anatomic
course, and appropriate diagnostic tests. There are various options when it comes
to dynamic facial nerve reanimation that range from nerve grafting, nerve anastomosis,
crossover techniques and muscle transfer to microneurovascular muscle flaps, and—recently—potentially
new concepts with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The various dynamic
facial nerve treatment modalities are discussed.
Methods and Results A comprehensive review of the literature was performed detailing various techniques
used for dynamic rehabilitation following facial nerve injury and their known results
and complications.
Conclusions Currently, techniques have been attempted to achieve adequate dynamic facial reanimation
of the paralyzed facial nerve. Despite the advances that have occurred in the last
few years, it has been classically very difficult to achieve a House-Brackmann grade
better than grade III. Outcomes are improving. Ultimately, the approach depends on
the surgeon's experience.
Keywords
facial paralysis - dynamic rehabilitation - muscle transfer
