ABSTRACT
The role of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract in the pathogenesis of multiple
organ failure (MOF) complicating the course of critically ill patients has been suspected
for more than 40 years. However, several hypotheses have been proposed and sometimes
refuted to establish a link. This review summarizes the current knowledge on gastrointestinal
physiology and recapitulates existing evidence on the link between gastrointestinal
dysfunction and MOF. The gastrointestinal tract has various functions apart from digestion.
It produces hormones with local and systemic effects, plays a major role in immunological
function, and serves as a barrier against antigens within its lumen. Gastrointestinal
dysfunction or gut failure is frequently encountered in critical care patients and
is associated with bacterial translocation, which can lead to the development of sepsis,
initiation of a cytokine-mediated systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS),
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and death. The aim of this manuscript
is to define gut failure, to review physiopathological mechanisms and clinical implications,
and, finally, to suggest preventive measures.
KEYWORDS
Gut failure - bacterial translocation - sepsis - multiple organ failure - critical
care
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Jean-Charles PreiserM.D. Ph.D.
Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasme University Hospital, Université libre
de Bruxelles
808 route de Lennik, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
eMail: Jean-Charles.Preiser@erasme.ulb.ac.be
