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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 32(5): 607-625
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1287870
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Acute Lung Failure

Rob Mac Sweeney1 , 2 , Daniel F. McAuley1 , 2 , Michael A. Matthay3 , 4
  • 1Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
  • 2Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
  • 3Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco
  • 4Department of Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
11 October 2011 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Lung failure is the most common organ failure seen in the intensive care unit. The pathogenesis of acute respiratory failure (ARF) can be classified as (1) neuromuscular in origin, (2) secondary to acute and chronic obstructive airway diseases, (3) alveolar processes such as cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and pneumonia, and (4) vascular diseases such as acute or chronic pulmonary embolism. This article reviews the more common causes of ARF from each group, including the pathological mechanisms and the principles of critical care management, focusing on the supportive, specific, and adjunctive therapies for each condition.

KEYWORDS

Respiratory failure - acute lung injury - asthma - pulmonary edema - pulmonary embolism - myasthenia gravis - Guillain-Barré syndrome - emphysema - bronchitis - pneumonia - acute respiratory distress syndrome

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Michael A MatthayM.D. 

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