Zusammenfassung
Das hyperglykämisch-hyperosmolare Coma diabeticum (HHS) ist ein seltenes Ereignis
in der Pädiatrie, das mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität verknüpft ist. Es ist definiert
als Trias aus Hyperglykämie, Hyperosmolarität und fehlender oder milder Azidose. Schwerwiegende
Komplikationen sind Hirnödem und Rhabdomyolyse. Evidenzbasierte Therapieempfehlungen
für das HHS im Kindesalter liegen nicht vor. Anhand einer Literaturübersicht soll
das Vorgehen beim HHS diskutiert und ein Therapiekonzept vorgestellt werden. Therapeutisch
steht bei Vorliegen eines HHS die Flüssigkeitstherapie und das langsame Absenken des
oft drastisch erhöhten Blutzuckers im Vordergrund. Ein sorgfältiges Monitoring, in
der Regel auf einer Intensivstation, zur Vermeidung von Komplikationen ist unbedingt
erforderlich. Eine späte und niedrig dosierte Insulintherapie erscheint vorteilhaft.
Abstract
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma diabeticum (HHS) is a rare phenomenon in pediatric
patients. It causes major morbidity and significant mortality. It is characterized
by the trias of hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality and absent or mild metabolic acidosis.
Major complications include cerebral edema and rhabdomyolysis. Evidence based guidelines
for HHS in children are lacking. Based on a literature review we discuss treatment
options in pediatric HHS und suggest a therapeutic concept. Appropriate treatment
consists of adequate fluid administration and a cautious lowering of the serum glucose
level. Patients should be treated on an intensive care unit and monitored closely
to avoid complications. Low-dose and late insulin administration seems to be favourable.
Schlüsselwörter
hyperglykämisch-hyperosmolares Coma diabeticum - Hirmödem - Rhabdomyolyse - Therapiekonzept
Key words
hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar coma diabeticum - cerebral edema - rhabdomyolysis - therapeutic
concept
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Korrespondenzadresse
PD Dr. Joachim Woelfle
Pädiatrische Endokrinologie
und Diabetologie
Adenauerallee 119
53113 Bonn
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