Neonatal Aortic Thrombosis: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Background: Neonatal aortic thrombosis is a rare occurrence, but can be fatal. Treatment of this condition is hampered by the lack of large studies involving this pediatric population. Reporting of this condition is also not standardized.

Methods: The purpose of this review is to collate available literature on the incidence, risk factors, presentation, treatment and outcome of neonatal aortic thrombosis as well as suggest a treatment model.

Results: A Medline search of PubMed, OVID and Cochrane databases was undertaken using the key words “neonatal”, “infant”, “aorta”, “aortic”, “thrombosis”, “thrombus” and “clot”. Limits were set for articles that were English language only and published between 1980 and September 2009. Following review of all articles using predetermined search words and criteria, 38 were found with sufficient data for our purpose. The reported total number of neonatal patients with aortic thrombosis was 148 and 78% of the aortic thromboses in this review were related to arterial umbilical catheterization.

Conclusions: We have suggested a classification system to standardize reporting of neonatal aortic thrombosis, as well as a treatment decision tree, and a clinical guide for the treatment of thrombosis in children. As always, clinicians should balance the risks and benefits of their decision to treat with the level of local expertise. This guide may specifically serve the neonatal population with line-related aortic thrombosis.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Neugeborenen-Aortenthrombosen sind seltenen, im klinischen Verlauf aber häufig tödlich. Die Behandlung dieser seltenen Erkrankung erfolgt individualisiert, da Studien fehlen.

Methoden: Der Zweck dieses Überblickes ist es, vorhandene Literatur zu sichten, Risikofaktoren zu evaluieren und ein Behandlungsmodell vorzustellen.

Ergebnisse: Eine Medline-Suche der Daten-banken PubMed, OVID und Cochrane wurde unter Verwendung der folgenden Schlüsselwörter aufgenommen; „neonatal”, „infant”, „aorta”, „aortic”, „thrombosis”, „thrombus” und „clot”. Artikel sollten in englische Sprache publiziert und zwischen 1980 und September 2009 veröffentlicht worden sein. Nach unseren Suchkriterien wurden 38 Fallberichte zu dieser Erkrankung gefunden. Die Gesamtzahl der neugeborenen Patienten mit Aortenthrombose betrug 148, und 78% der Aortenthrombosen in dieser Übersicht waren mit Nabelarterienkathetern assoziiert.

Zusammenfassungen: Wir haben ein Klassifizierungsverfahren entwickelt, um retrospektiv Fallberichte neonataler Aortenthrombosen sowie Behandlungskriterien zu standardisieren. Ziel war es, unter Abwägung von Nutzen und Risiko eine Behandlungsrichtlinie für diese Erkrankung der katheterassoziierten Aortenthrombose zur Verfügung zu stellen.

catheter associated thrombosis - neonatal aortic thrombosis - therapy - risk factors

katheterassoziierte Thrombose - neonatale Aortenthrombose - Therapie - Risikofaktoren

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