Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die refraktive Chirurgie ist in den letzten Jahren immer populärer geworden. Eine
der schwerwiegendsten Komplikationen ist die iatrogene Keratektasie. In dieser Arbeit
soll der gegenwärtige Stand des Wissens dargestellt werden. Methoden: Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche (Medline) nach den Begriffen Keratektasie, Komplikation
nach refraktiver Chirurgie und Cross-Linking durchgeführt. Daneben wurden eigene Daten
aus zum Teil unveröffentlichten Studien verwendet. Ergebnisse: Seit der ersten Publikation einer Keratektasie im Jahr 1998 wird immer häufiger über
iatrogene Keratektasien berichtet. Ein gehäuftes Auftreten war Ende der 90er-Jahre
festzustellen. Hauptrisikofaktor ist eine Irregularität der präoperativen Topografie.
Risikofaktoren für eine Keratektasie nach refraktiver Chirurgie sind jedoch auch eine
dünne Hornhaut, tiefe Abtragungen, ein dünnes Restroma und ein junges Patientenalter.
Diskussion: Obwohl immer genauere Voruntersuchungen durchgeführt werden und die Indikationsbereiche
für eine refraktive Chirurgie immer stärker eingeschränkt worden sind, kommt es immer
noch zu iatrogenen Keratektasien. Daher muss Patienten eine längere Nachbeobachtungszeit
empfohlen werden, um eine Keratektasie frühzeitig zu erkennen und gegebenenfalls zu
therapieren.
Abstract
Background: Refractive surgery has become more and more popular in the past years. One of the
most severe complications is iatrogenic keratectasia. The purpose of this article
is to review the current knowledge about iatrogenic keratectasia. Method. A literature research (Medline) using the key words keratectasia, complication after
refractive surgery and cross-linking was carried out. Apart from this, our own data
from partially unpublished studies have been used. Results: Since the first publication of keratectasia in 1998 more and more cases of keratectasia
have been published. The main risk factor is a preoperative irregular topography.
But also thin corneas, deep ablations, thin residual stromal beds and young patients
age at the time of the laser surgery are further risk factors. Discussion: Although preoperative examinations before refractive surgery are becoming more and
more accurate and the inclusion criteria for laser ablation have become stricter,
iatrogenic keratectasia still occurs. Therefore longer follow-up visits should be
performed over a longer period to diagnose keratectasia in an early stage and to provide
therapy.
Schlüsselwörter
Keratektasie - LASIK - PRK - Cross-Linking
Key words
keratectasia - LASIK - PRK - cross-linking
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