Zusammenfassung
Synkopen stellen eine wichtige und nicht selten schwierige Differenzialdiagnose von
epileptischen Anfällen dar. Als eine mögliche Ursache für eine kardiale Synkope kommt
ein Long-QT-Syndrom (LQTS) infrage. Als lebensbedrohlich sind bei dieser Erkrankung
die Torsade-de-pointes-Tachykardien anzusehen, die zum Herzstillstand durch Kammerflimmern
führen können. Vor allem, wenn zu Beginn der Erkrankung die Fehldiagnose Epilepsie
gestellt wurde, dauert es meist mehrere Jahre, bis die Diagnose erkannt wird. Nicht
selten fällt ein LQTS erst dann auf, wenn die Betroffenen aufgrund eines Herzstillstands
reanimiert werden müssen. Um die Fehldiagnose Epilepsie bei LQTS-Patienten zu vermeiden
und fatale Krankheitsverläufe rechtzeitig zu verhindern, sollte bei Patienten mit
wiederholten Anfällen nicht nur zu Beginn, sondern auch bei erneuten Anfällen im Verlauf
jeweils ein EKG abgeleitet und speziell auf die QT-Zeit hin untersucht werden.
Abstract
Syncope is a common and difficult differential diagnosis for epilepsy. One possible
cause for a cardiac syncope is a long QT syndrome (LQTS). LQTS with torsade de pointes
tachycardia can lead to lethal ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest. Patients
with LQTS when first diagnosed as suffering from epileptic fits often experience a
particularly long diagnostic delay which may even take years. In some cases, the diagnosis
of LQTS is not made until the patient needs resuscitation due to a cardiac arrest.
Therefore, ECG recording should be performed for every patient presenting with a seizure
considered to be of epileptic origin not only at the beginning of the disease but
also when fits occur in spite of antiepileptic treatment in order to prevent an incorrect
diagnosis and delay in making the correct diagnosis.
Schlüsselwörter
Epilepsie - Long-QT-Syndrom - EKG
Keywords
epilepsy - long QT syndrome - ECG
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Dr. Lothar Burghaus
Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie
Universitätsklinik Köln
Kerpener Str. 62
50924 Köln
Email: lothar.burghaus@uk-koeln.de